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Medical Terminology > Muscular system > Flashcards

Muscular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

bi

A

Two, Twice, Double

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2
Q

-cele

A

Hernia, Tumor, swelling

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3
Q

dys

A

Bad, difficult or painful

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4
Q

fasci/o

A

Fascia, Fibrous band

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5
Q

fibro

A

Fibrous tissue, fiber

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6
Q

-ia

A

Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

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7
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

kines/o

A

movement

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9
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

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10
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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11
Q

plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

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12
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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13
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

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14
Q

ten/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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15
Q

tend/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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16
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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17
Q

ton/o

A

stretching, tension

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18
Q

tri-

A

three

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19
Q

abduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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20
Q

adduction

A

Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

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21
Q

adhesion

A

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

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22
Q

ataxia

A

The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

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23
Q

atonic

A

Lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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24
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

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25
Q

bradykinesia

A

Extreme slowness in movement

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26
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve.

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27
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.

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28
Q

circumduction

A

the circular movement at the far end of a limb

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29
Q

confracture

A

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues.

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30
Q

dorsilflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

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31
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or kerky motions

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32
Q

dystonia

A

a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movements

33
Q

electromyography

A

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

34
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow

35
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

36
Q

exercise physiologist

A

a specialist who works under a physicians supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

37
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

38
Q

fibromyalgia

A

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms.

39
Q

ganglion cyst

A

A harmless fluid-swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

40
Q

heel spur

A

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone

41
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

42
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

43
Q

hernia

A

the portrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it

44
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased motor function or activity;also known as hyperactivity

45
Q

hypotonia

A

a condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

46
Q

impingement syndrome

A

inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

47
Q

insertion

A

the point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bond or tendon

48
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

49
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system

50
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

A chronic auto immune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

51
Q

myocele

A

the herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

52
Q

myoclonus

A

the quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

53
Q

myofascial release

A

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome

54
Q

myolysis

A

the degeneration of muscle tissue

55
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscle paralysis

56
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle

57
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle

58
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle

59
Q

origin

A

the point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

60
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.

61
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

62
Q

physiatrist

A

a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus of restoring function

63
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

64
Q

polymyositis

A

a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

65
Q

pronation

A

the act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

66
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities

67
Q

sarcopenia

A

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

68
Q

shin splint

A

a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (Shin bone)

69
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus of the diaphagram that causes the the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm;also known as hiccups

70
Q

sphincter

A

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

71
Q

sprain

A

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

72
Q

tenodesis

A

the suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

73
Q

tenolysis

A

the release of a tendon from adhesions

74
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

75
Q

tenosynovitis

A

An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

76
Q

tenotomy

A

a surgical incision into a tendon

77
Q

torticollis

A

A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck

78
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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