Muscular system Flashcards
bi
Two, Twice, Double
-cele
Hernia, Tumor, swelling
dys
Bad, difficult or painful
fasci/o
Fascia, Fibrous band
fibro
Fibrous tissue, fiber
-ia
Abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
-ic
pertaining to
kines/o
movement
kinesi/o
movement
my/o
muscle
plegia
paralysis, stroke
-rrhexis
rupture
tax/o
coordination, order
ten/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
tend/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
tendin/o
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
ton/o
stretching, tension
tri-
three
abduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
adduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
adhesion
A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
ataxia
The lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.
atonic
Lacking normal muscle tone or strength
atrophy
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures
bradykinesia
Extreme slowness in movement
carpal tunnel syndrome
inflammation and swelling of the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel, which then create pressure on the median nerve.
chronic fatigue syndrome
a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity.
circumduction
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
confracture
the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non-elastic fibrous tissues.
dorsilflexion
movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or kerky motions
dystonia
a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movements
electromyography
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
epicondylitis
inflammation of the tissue surrounding the elbow
ergonomics
the study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
exercise physiologist
a specialist who works under a physicians supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
fasciitis
inflammation of a fascia
fibromyalgia
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, and a wide range of other symptoms.
ganglion cyst
A harmless fluid-swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist
heel spur
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel bone
hemiparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
hernia
the portrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased motor function or activity;also known as hyperactivity
hypotonia
a condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
impingement syndrome
inflammed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.
insertion
the point where the muscle ends by attaching to a bond or tendon
intermittent claudication
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
muscular dystrophy
a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system
myasthenia gravis
A chronic auto immune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
myocele
the herniation (protrusion) of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it
myoclonus
the quick involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
myofascial release
a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome
myolysis
the degeneration of muscle tissue
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscle paralysis
myorrhaphy
surgical suturing of a muscle
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and a muscle
oblique
slanted or at an angle
origin
the point where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton
paralysis
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply.
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
physiatrist
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus of restoring function
plantar fasciitis
Inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot, causing foot or heel pain when walking or running
polymyositis
a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
pronation
the act of rotating the arm or the leg so the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
sarcopenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging
shin splint
a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (Shin bone)
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphagram that causes the the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm;also known as hiccups
sphincter
a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
sprain
an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn
tenodesis
the suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions
tenorrhaphy
the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon
tenosynovitis
An inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
tenotomy
a surgical incision into a tendon
torticollis
A stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side; also known as wryneck
transverse
in a crosswise direction
