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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Angi/o

A

Blood or lymph vessel

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2
Q

aort/o

A

Aorta

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3
Q

arteri/o

A

Artery

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4
Q

arther/o

A

Plaque or fatty substance

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5
Q

brady-

A

slow

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6
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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7
Q

-crasia

A

A mixture or blending

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8
Q

-emia

A

Blood or blood condition

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9
Q

erythr/o

A

Red

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10
Q

hem/o

A

Blood, relating to the blood

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11
Q

hemat/o

A

Blood, relating to the blood

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12
Q

leuk/o

A

White

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13
Q

phleb/o

A

Vein

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14
Q

tachy-

A

Fast, Rapid

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15
Q

thromb/o

A

Clot

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16
Q

ven/o

A

Vein

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17
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Blocks the action of the enzyme that causes the blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension

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18
Q

anemia

A

A lower-than-normal number of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the blood.

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19
Q

aneurysm

A

A localized weak spot or balloon like enlargementof the wall of an artery

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20
Q

angina

A

A condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

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21
Q

angioplasty

A

The technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

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22
Q

anticoagulent

A

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

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23
Q

aplastic anemia

A

A conditon characterized by the absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

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24
Q

arrythmia

A

The loss of normal rhythm of the heartbeat

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25
Q

atherectomy

A

Surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior lining of an artery

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26
Q

atheroma

A

A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

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27
Q

atherosclerosis

A

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries.

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28
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

When the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall.

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29
Q

automated external defribrillator

A

Electronic equipment that automatically samples the heart’s electrical rhythms and when necessary, externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm.

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30
Q

beta-blocker

A

A medication that reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat.

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31
Q

Blood dyscrasia

A

Any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

32
Q

bradycardia

A

An abnormally slow resting heart rate

33
Q

cardiac arrest

A

An event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

34
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

A diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or an artery and is guided into the heart

35
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

The term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

36
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

37
Q

cholestrol

A

A fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

38
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

A condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leekage of venous valves

39
Q

coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle

40
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

Damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

41
Q

defibrillation

A

The use of electrical shock to restore the hearts normal rhythm; also known as cardioversion

42
Q

diuretic

A

Medication administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water

43
Q

electrocardiogram

A

A record of electrical activity of the myocardium

44
Q

embolism

A

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

45
Q

embolus

A

A foreign object, such as blood clot, quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood.

46
Q

endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

47
Q

erythrocytes

A

Mature red blood cells produced by the red bone marrow

48
Q

hemoglobin

A

the oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of erythocytes

49
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

A condition of an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to premature destruction of these cells by the spleen

50
Q

hemostasis

A

To stop or control bleeding

51
Q

leukemia

A

A type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes (white blood cells) found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood.

52
Q

leukocytes

A

White blood cells that are involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances.

53
Q

leukopenia

A

A decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood

54
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

A blood disorder characterized by anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal.

55
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome

A

A type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysnfunction of the bone marrow

56
Q

myocardial infarction

A

The occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup; commonly known as a heart attack

57
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up; also known as a postural hypotension

58
Q

pericardium

A

The double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

59
Q

pernicious anemia

A

A form of anemia caused by a lack of the protein that helps the body absorb vitamin B12, which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells.

60
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

61
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

A peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

62
Q

sepsis

A

A potentially life-threatening infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream

63
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

A genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape that interferes with normal blood flow

64
Q

tachycardia

A

An abnormally rapid resting heart rate

65
Q

temporal arteritis

A

A form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, jaw pain, and other symptoms

66
Q

thallium stress test

A

A diagnostic test performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise.

67
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

A condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood

68
Q

thrombolytic

A

Medication that dissolves or causes thrombus to break up; also known as a clot-busting drug.

69
Q

thrombosis

A

The abnormal condition of having a thrombus

70
Q

thrombotic occulusion

A

the blocking of an artery by a thrombus

71
Q

thrombus

A

A blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or an artery

72
Q

transfusion reaction

A

A serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood does not match

73
Q

valvulitis

A

Inflammation of a heart valve

74
Q

varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen veins, usually occuring in the superficial veins of the legs

75
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

the rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles

76
Q

ventricular tachy-cardia

A

A very rapid heart beat that begins within the ventricles.

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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