Muscular Study Guide

Question 1

3 properties of muscles

Answer 1

Contractility - its the process of contacting the muscles or to shorten the muscle to creat movement. This requires energy in order to do so.
Extensibility - Being able to extend the muscle without causing damage.
Elasticity - Being able to return to its previous size after it has been stretched.

Question 2

7 functions of the muscular system

Answer 2

Locomotion - the muscles contract to pull tendons and move the bones
Maintains posture and balance - contractions(less powerful and have a longer duration), balance(keeps body upright over feet), and posture(the position for which the body holds).
Supporting soft tissue - the supports the internal organs weight.
Guard entrances and exits - the voluntary skeletal and involuntary smooth which protect the external body.
Movement along internal passages - the movement of waste or reproductive materials.
Regulate blood flow - the cardiac muscles in the heart pump the blood out controlling blood flow.
Maintain body temperature - Muscle contraction produce heat

Question 3

Differences between smooth, cardiac, and skeletal

Answer 3

Skeletal has striations, more than one nuclei and has voluntary contractions, cardiac has few striations, does not run low on ATP, involuntary contractions and one nuclei, while smooth has few to no striations, myofilaments are not organized into sarcomeres, one nuclei, and it has involuntary contractions.

Question 4

Sliding filament theory

Answer 4

Rest active sites are covered with troponin and tropomyosin so no interaction between actin and myosin CaH ions bind 2 troponin + move the proteins away freeing active sites. Myosin heads attach to the active sites - pivot/pull release + repeat until shortened.

Question 5

Isotonic contraction

Answer 5

The muscle changes length as the tension remains constant.

Question 6

Isometric contraction

Answer 6

Muscle fibers do not change length and the tension increases.

Question 7

Concentric

Answer 7

The muscle shortens in length while lifting an object

Question 8

Eccentric

Answer 8

Muscle becomes longer in length while putting an object down.

Question 9

Twitch

Answer 9

A quick movement in muscle fiber coming from a single short stimulus.

Question 10

Treppe

Answer 10

Muscle contraction strength increases in the form of a staircase.

Question 11

Tetanus

Answer 11

Smooth, sustained contractions.

Question 12

Tone

Answer 12

Low levels of constant contractions in the muscles(even in rest).

Question 13

Cramp

Answer 13

Sustained involuntary muscle contraction.

Question 14

Fatigue

Answer 14

It is when a muscle can no longer act upon a stimuli

Question 15

Fast Fibers

Answer 15

Contract .01 seconds after stimulation, quick powerful contractions that make the body fatigue easily.

Question 16

Slow fibers

Answer 16

Contractions take 3 times longer than fast fibers to start the contractions. It contracts for a longer duration without causing fatigue.

Question 17

Red muscle

Answer 17

Consists mostly slow

Question 18

White muscles

Answer 18

Consists of mostly fast

Question 19

Power

Answer 19

It is the maximum tension that can be produced by of muscle or muscle group.

Question 20

Endurance

Answer 20

It is the amount of time a person can do an activity(specific)

Question 21

Hypertrophy

Answer 21

Muscle enlargement

Question 22

Myoglobin

Answer 22

It’s is a red protein that purpose is to hold and transport oxygen.

Question 23

Explain how Creatine and ATP change as a muscle contracts and relaxes

Answer 23

At rest: ATP gives Creatine 1 Phosphate since there is an abundance of ATP. ATP turns into ADP and the Creatine turns into Creatine Phosphate.

After movement: Used ATP and now ADP needs to form ATP and so the Creatine Phosphate gives the ADP the phosphate back.

Question 24

Differences between Anaerobic and Aerobic

Answer 24

Aero: o2, 36 atp, glycolysis, krebes, ETC, low intensity
Ana: no o2, 2 atp, glycolysis, lactic acid, quick burst intensity.