Cadio Ph Exam

Question 1

8 major functions of the Cardiovascular System

Answer 1

Transport gases is the primary function of the cardiovascular system, oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body.
Distributes the nutrients that come from the digestive system, like amino acids, water, vitamins etc. to other parts of the body that need the nutrients.
Carries waste to the parts where it can exit the body.
Transports hormones and enzymes to the target cells.
Maintains pH and electrolyte levels.
Stops blood loss through clotting process.
Protects the body from pathogens and toxins
Maintains body heat through opening and closing the arteries.

Question 2

4 major parts of plasma

Answer 2

The components of plasma is proteins, water/nutrients, electrolytes and waste. The 3 proteins are Albumins which monitor the blood and water in the body and it makes the blood sticky. Globulins which transport lipids. Lastly clotting factors which are involved with the clotting process. Water and nutrients are the supply that the blood carries. The electrolytes are what maintain the levels of pH in the body so they are important to be transported. Waste is urea, uric acid and ammonia and carbon dioxide which are bad for the body so it excretes them from the system.

Question 3

What is erythroblastosis fetalis? What is the type of blood does the mother and child have?

Answer 3

Erthroblastosis fetalis is when the red blood cells in a child do not fully form from the Rh begin not compatible. A mom with a negative blood and a child with positive blood is what causes this.

Question 4

Neutrophils

Answer 4

Stained in a ph7, 54-62%, formed in red marrow, string of pearls nucleus, puss, phagocytic, most common WBC

Question 5

Eosinophil

Answer 5

Stain below pH 7(acid), 1 - 3 %, dumbbell shaped, controls allergic reactions

Question 6

Basophils

Answer 6

Stain above pH 7, aviators shape, releases histories - hot, redness, inflammation. Reaction to foreign substances, 1%

Question 7

Lym[hocyte

Answer 7

Forms antibodies, b and T cells, large nucleus, 25 - 33%

Question 8

Monocyte

Answer 8

2-3x the size of RBC, 3-9%, phagocytic

Question 9

Scientific name for platelet and clot

Answer 9

Thromboplastin

Thrombus

Question 10

Process of clotting

Answer 10

It starts with trauma, the the vascular phase which lasts for 30 minutes, the blood vessels contract to slow blood flow so the person doesn’t bleed out. The platelet phase happens when the trauma releases a signal which triggered the platelets to go to the injured area. The platelets activate and stick to each other and the wound. The last phase is the chemical phase which releases thromboplastin which reacts with prothrombin which turns into thrombin which is used to make fibrinogen to make fibrin which is a sticky thread which forms around the wound trapping the platelets together with some accidental red blood cells and this releases more thromboplastin and thrombus which form the clot.

Question 11

What is a hemocytoblast?

Answer 11

They are stem cells that can develop into different blood cells.

Question 12

Reticulocyte

Answer 12

RBC

Question 13

Megakaryocyte

Answer 13

Platelet

Question 14

Granulocytes

Answer 14

Myeblasts

Question 15

Anemia

Answer 15

Fatigue and light headed

Due to lack of oxygen

Question 16

6 causes of anemia

Answer 16

Diet, genetic, hemorrhage, lead poisoning, septicemia, and malaria

Question 17

Aplastic anemia

Answer 17

Bone marrow cannot make as many blood cells

Question 18

Hemolytic

Answer 18

RBC are produced but burst due to chemicals

Question 19

Iron deficiency

Answer 19

Lack of hemoglobin in blood

Question 20

Pernicious

Answer 20

Cells are immature and cant absorb B12

Question 21

Thalassemia

Answer 21

RBC die quickly and lack of hemoglobin.

Question 22

Blood flow through a heart

Answer 22

vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary truck, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid(mitral) valves, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, body.