Muscular Skeletal System Flashcards
What are structural responses to exercise?
Increase in production of synovial fluid, increase in temperature of muscles, blood flow to muscles increases, increased nerve transmission speed, increase in enzyme activity.
What are functional responses to exercise?
Increased muscle elasticity, improved rate of gas exchange, forceful contractions,
What are structural long term adaptations due to training?
Muscle hypertrophy, increased bone density, articular cartilage, increase in energy stores, myoglobin stores increased, thicker tendons.
What occurs during inspiration?
1)External intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
2) ribs move up and out, diaphragm flattens
3) the thoracic cavity increases
4) the pressure in lungs is lower than atmosphere
5) air moves in to mouth and down trachea
6) air enters lungs and passes into bronchioles then to alveoli
What occurs during expiration?
1) Diaphragm and External intercostal muscles relax
2) ribs move in and down, diaphragm moves up
3) Thoracic cavity decreases in volume
4) Air pressure in lungs is higher than atmosphere
5) air leaves via trachea
What is the pathway of airflow?
1) Nasal cavity, villii filters air
2) Pharynx
3) larynx, cartilage acts as control
4) Trachea, mucus prevents toxins entering lungs
5) bronchi
6) bronchioles
7) alveoli
What is total lung capacity?
Total volume of air in lungs following maximum inspiration
What is the residual volume?
Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximal expiration.
What is vital capacity volume?
Maximum volume of air that can be forcibly expired following maximum inspiration.
What is Expiratory reserve ?
Volume of air that can be forcibly expired above resting tidal volume
What is tidal volume?
Volume of air inspired or expired per breathe
What is Inspiratory reserve volume?
Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired above resting tidal volume
What is functional residual capacity?
Amount of air remaining in lungs after normal expiration
