1.1 muscular skeletal system

Question 1

What is the joint at the shoulder?

Answer 1

ball and socket

Question 2

what is the joint at the wrist?

Answer 2

condyloid joint

Question 3

What is the joint at the knee?

Answer 3

hinge joint

Question 4

What is the joint at the ankle?

Answer 4

condyloid joint

Question 5

What is the joint at the hip?

Answer 5

ball and socket joint

Question 6

What is the joint at the elbow?

Answer 6

hinge joint

Question 7

Define flexion. Give an example.

Answer 7

The decrease in angle at a joint. First phase of throwing a dart.

Question 8

Define extension. Give example.

Answer 8

The increase in angle at a joint. Second phase of a chest pass.

Question 9

Define abduction. Give an example.

Answer 9

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body. shoulder

Question 10

Define adduction. Give example.

Answer 10

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body. Shoulder.

Question 11

Define rotation. Give example.

Answer 11

The movement around a mid-point/axis. Pirouette in dance.

Question 12

Define circumduction. Give example.

Answer 12

A circular movement that resembles a cone shape. Freestyle in swimming.

Question 13

Define plantar flexion. Give example.

Answer 13

Toes pointing to the floor.

Question 14

Define dorsi flexion. Give example.

Answer 14

Heel planting into the floor with toes lifted upwards

Question 15

Define eversion. Give example.

Answer 15

little toe lifts causing ankle to roll to the inside of the foot.

Question 16

Define inversion. Give example.

Answer 16

When the ankle rolls to the outside of the foot causing the big toe to lift.

Question 17

Define supination. Give example.

Answer 17

palm faces sky, radius and ulna are parallel. When catching a ball in cricket.

Question 18

Define pronation. Give example.

Answer 18

palms face floor, radius rotates over ulna. Spin bowl in cricket.

Question 19

What is an agonist?

Answer 19

The muscle primarily responsible for a given movement.

Question 20

What is an antagonist?

Answer 20

The muscle that opposes an agonist for a given movement and prevents overstretching of the agonist.

Question 21

What is the origin?

Answer 21

The attachment of a muscle to an immovable bone.

Question 22

What is the Insertion?

Answer 22

The attachment of a muscle to a moveable bone.

Question 23

Define synergist.

Answer 23

A muscle which acts to stabilise the joint where the agonist makes movement.

Question 24

Define fixator.

Answer 24

A muscle which allows the agonist to work more efficiently. (stabilise the bone where the agonist originates)

Question 25

Give 3 examples of the agonistic pairs in action.

Answer 25

Hamstring and quadriceps when kicking a ball. Flexion at the knee involves hamstring being the agonist and quadriceps being the antagonist.
biceps and triceps when shooting a basket ball. flexion at elbow caused by agonist bicep and antagonist triceps.
trapezius and pectorals in push up. agonist is pectorals, antagonist is trapezius during horizontal flexion phase.

Question 26

what are the two types of contraction?

Answer 26

isotonic and isometric

Question 27

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 27

Involves a change in muscle length as it undergoes a contraction.

Question 28

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 28

No change in muscle length during contraction. Occur when stability of body needs to be maintained.

Question 29

What is an isotonic eccentric contraction?

Answer 29

muscle lengthening

Question 30

What is an isotonic concentric contraction?

Answer 30

Muscle shortening

Question 31

What are the 3 phases of the stretch-shortening cycle?

Answer 31

Eccentric, amortisation, concentric

Question 32

Describe what occurs during the eccentric phase of the stretch-shortening cycle.

Answer 32

muscle or muscle group is preloaded during an eccentric stretch, allowing elastic energy to be stored within muscle and tendons.

Question 33

Describe what occurs during the amortisation phase of the stretch-shortening cycle?

Answer 33

The period of time between the end of the first movement and the beginning of the second movement. The shorter this period of time the more powerful the movement produced.

Question 34

Describe what occurs during the concentric phase of the stretch-shortening cycle.

Answer 34

Elastic energy that is stored is used to produce a larger concentric contraction