1.1 muscular skeletal system Flashcards
What is the joint at the shoulder?
ball and socket
what is the joint at the wrist?
condyloid joint
What is the joint at the knee?
hinge joint
What is the joint at the ankle?
condyloid joint
What is the joint at the hip?
ball and socket joint
What is the joint at the elbow?
hinge joint
Define flexion. Give an example.
The decrease in angle at a joint. First phase of throwing a dart.
Define extension. Give example.
The increase in angle at a joint. Second phase of a chest pass.
Define abduction. Give an example.
Moving a limb away from the midline of the body. shoulder
Define adduction. Give example.
Moving a limb towards the midline of the body. Shoulder.
Define rotation. Give example.
The movement around a mid-point/axis. Pirouette in dance.
Define circumduction. Give example.
A circular movement that resembles a cone shape. Freestyle in swimming.
Define plantar flexion. Give example.
Toes pointing to the floor.
Define dorsi flexion. Give example.
Heel planting into the floor with toes lifted upwards
Define eversion. Give example.
little toe lifts causing ankle to roll to the inside of the foot.
Define inversion. Give example.
When the ankle rolls to the outside of the foot causing the big toe to lift.
Define supination. Give example.
palm faces sky, radius and ulna are parallel. When catching a ball in cricket.
Define pronation. Give example.
palms face floor, radius rotates over ulna. Spin bowl in cricket.
What is an agonist?
The muscle primarily responsible for a given movement.
What is an antagonist?
The muscle that opposes an agonist for a given movement and prevents overstretching of the agonist.
What is the origin?
The attachment of a muscle to an immovable bone.
What is the Insertion?
The attachment of a muscle to a moveable bone.
Define synergist.
A muscle which acts to stabilise the joint where the agonist makes movement.
Define fixator.
A muscle which allows the agonist to work more efficiently. (stabilise the bone where the agonist originates)
Give 3 examples of the agonistic pairs in action.
Hamstring and quadriceps when kicking a ball. Flexion at the knee involves hamstring being the agonist and quadriceps being the antagonist.
biceps and triceps when shooting a basket ball. flexion at elbow caused by agonist bicep and antagonist triceps.
trapezius and pectorals in push up. agonist is pectorals, antagonist is trapezius during horizontal flexion phase.
what are the two types of contraction?
isotonic and isometric
What is an isotonic contraction?
Involves a change in muscle length as it undergoes a contraction.
What is an isometric contraction?
No change in muscle length during contraction. Occur when stability of body needs to be maintained.
What is an isotonic eccentric contraction?
muscle lengthening
What is an isotonic concentric contraction?
Muscle shortening
What are the 3 phases of the stretch-shortening cycle?
Eccentric, amortisation, concentric
Describe what occurs during the eccentric phase of the stretch-shortening cycle.
muscle or muscle group is preloaded during an eccentric stretch, allowing elastic energy to be stored within muscle and tendons.
Describe what occurs during the amortisation phase of the stretch-shortening cycle?
The period of time between the end of the first movement and the beginning of the second movement. The shorter this period of time the more powerful the movement produced.
Describe what occurs during the concentric phase of the stretch-shortening cycle.
Elastic energy that is stored is used to produce a larger concentric contraction
