Muscular Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the role if the musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

To provide stability, support and movement to the body

Question 2

What does the musculoskeletal system consist of ?

Answer 2

Skeleton
Muscles
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments
Joints
Other connective tissue

Question 3

Function on the Skeleton

Answer 3

Provide attachment points for the muscular system
Protect vital organs

Question 4

What is ossification

Answer 4

The formation of bones: bone remodelling-laying down new bone material by osteoblasts

Question 5

Role of the axial skeleton

Answer 5

Provide protection, shape and red blood cell production

Question 6

Role of the Appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

Movement and muscle attachment

Question 7

Define cartilage

Answer 7

A connective tissue vibrating collagen that provide a vital role in the skeletal and joint system, providing support and ensuring smooth movement

Question 8

3 types of cartilage

Answer 8

Hyaline, Fibre and Elastic

Question 9

role of Hyaline cartilage

Answer 9

Reduce friction and absorb shock

Question 10

Where is hyaline cartilage found

Answer 10

End of long bones

Question 11

Role of fibre cartilage

Answer 11

Acts as a shock absorber, providing strength and durability

Question 12

Where is fibre cartilage found

Answer 12

In areas that need to withstand high pressure

Question 13

Role of elastic cartilage and example

Answer 13

Maintain shape while allowing flexibility, for example the ear

Question 14

What are the 5 types of bones

Answer 14

-Flat
-Irregular
-Long
-Short
-Sesamoid.

Question 15

Function of flat bones

Answer 15

Protect vital organs
Provide large surface area for attachment
Support and maintain structure

Question 16

Fiction if irregular bones

Answer 16

Protect spinal cord
Support and stability
Attachment for muscles
Help with complex movements

Question 17

Examples of irregular bones

Answer 17

Vertabrae
Mandible
Pelvis

Question 18

Fiction of long bones

Answer 18

Leverage and movement
Weight bearing
Blood cell production

Question 19

Function of short bones

Answer 19

Shock absorption and stability
Precise movements
Force distribution across joints

Question 20

Role of sesamoid bones

Answer 20

Reduce friction and tendon wear
Leverage- improve efficiency of contractions
Protect tendons from stress/impact

Question 21

Role of skeletal muscles

Answer 21

Provide stability around various joints

Question 22

Front and back are known as?

Answer 22

Anterior and posterior

Question 23

What is the agonist

Answer 23

Contracting muscles responsible for causing movement

Question 24

What is the antagonist

Answer 24

Muscle that relaxes and lengthens to allow movement

Question 25

Role of the synergistic

Answer 25

Assist the agonist in performing movement

Question 26

Role of the fixtator

Answer 26

Stabilise the origin of the prime mover so it can work efficiently Prevents unwanted motion

Question 27

What do synergists and fixators ensure when working together

Answer 27

Coordinated and effective movement

Question 28

Is the agonist always the muscle shortening?

Answer 28

No, eg tricep dips

Question 29

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction

Answer 29

Isometric Concentric Eccentric

Question 30

Define isometric contraction

Answer 30

Muscle contraction that do no create movement

Question 31

Define concentric contraction

Answer 31

Muscle shortens under tension to produce force

Question 32

Define eccentric contraction

Answer 32

Muscle that lengthens under tension and does not relax (acts as a break to help control movement)

Question 33

What are the 3 types of joints

Answer 33

Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

Question 34

Role of a fibrous joint and example

Answer 34

Allows no movement as it is a fixed joint, eg the cranium

Question 35

Role of the synovial joint

Answer 35

Allows movement in one or more directions

Question 36

Name the synovial joints

Answer 36

Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Condyloid Gliding Saddle

Question 37

Role of the cartilaginous joint

Answer 37

Allow allow movement in small amounts, the bone is separated by cartilage eg the ribs

Question 38

Define horizontal adduction/flexion

Answer 38

Limbs move across the body, eg hammer throw

Question 39

Define horizontal abduction/extension

Answer 39

Limbs move away from the body’s horizontal plane eg discuss