muscular pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

difference between strain & tear

A

strain - stretch/tear fibrils only - muscle still whole

tear - muscle tears and is no longer whole

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2
Q

treatment for strain/tear

A

herbal medicine
acupuncture
homeopathy
nutritional support - anti-inflammatory

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3
Q

what is impingement syndrome?

A

rotator cuff tendons rub/pinch bursae in roof of shoulder

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4
Q

causes of impingement syndrome

A

overuse, arms constantly over head - hairdresser
bone spurs
oddly shaped bones

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5
Q

signs/symptoms shoulder impingement

A

early - general shoulder ache
pain raising arm to front/side, sleeping on shoulder, reaching into back pocket
joint stiffness
catching sensation felt on lowering arm

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6
Q

what may indicate the rotator cuff tendons are actually torn?

A

weakness/inability to raise arm

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7
Q

allopathic treatment impingement syndrome

A

surgery
physio
cortisone injection
anti-inflammatory drugs

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8
Q

how many cortisone injections recommended in a lifetime and why?

A

affects bone density!

3 max!

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9
Q

alternative treatment

A

herbal med
acupucture
homeopathy - arnica
nutritional support - ant-inflammatory

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10
Q

Fibromyalgia - what is it

A

chronic widespread muscular & connective tissue pain
joint stiffness
fatigue

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11
Q

criteria for diagnoses of fibromyalgia

A

pain on palpitation in at least 11 of the 18 points

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12
Q

recent investigations into fibromyalgia have discovered it is related to what?

A

abnormalities in pain processing by the central nervous system

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13
Q

suspected triggers for fibromyalgia

A

stress
trauma
exposure to damp/cold
poor sleep

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14
Q

most common in men or women of what age/

A

women 25-50

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15
Q

signs/symptoms fibromyalgia

A

pain from gentle pressure at specific ‘tender spots’
general tenderness/stiffness muscles etc
debilitating fatigue & difficulty sleeping
difficulty swallowing,
bowel bladder function,
numbness tingling
cognitive dysfunction

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16
Q

do all people with fibromyalgia experience all associated symptoms?

A

no

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17
Q

allopathic treatment fibromyalgia

A

patient education
exercise
medications
self help groups

18
Q

alternative treatment fibromyalgia

A
acupuncture
herbal medicine
homeopathy
nutritional
malice acid
emotional freedom technique
19
Q

what is muscular dystrophy

A

group of inherited muscular diseases that weaken/degenerate muscles

20
Q

muscular dystrophy diseases characterised by

A

defects in muscle proteins
progressive skeletal weakness/atrophy
death of muscle cells/tissue in final stages

21
Q

atrophy means

A

waste away

22
Q

what is myasthenia gravis

A

AUTOIMMUNE disease
muscle fatigue/weakness
caused by blockage at neuromuscular junction

23
Q

which muscles are most commonly affected in myasthenia gravis?

A

muscles of face and neck

24
Q

which sex/age group is myasthenia gravis most common in

A

women

20-50

25
Q

what happens to the affected muscles in myasthenia gravis

A

becomes progressively weaker

until ceases to function

26
Q

signs/symptoms myasthenia gravis

A

difficulty swallowing
weakness eye muscles
difficulty chewing/talking
death may result from failure respiratory muscles

27
Q

allopathic treatment myasthenia gravis

A

steroidal drugs reduce effects of antibodies

28
Q

alternative treatment myasthenia gravis

A

herbal - immune modulation
acupuncture
homepathy
nutritional = nerve & muscular function - calcium, magnesium

29
Q

3 types muscular dystrophy

A

duchenne - most common
myotonic - most rare
FSHD - fascio scapular humerus distrophy

30
Q

Describe Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

boys under 10
progressive atrophy of skeletal, heart, respiratory muscles
delayed walking, waddling gait, clumsiness
most die <20 respiratory failure

31
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy caused by absence of ____

A

DYSTROPHIN - a protein that helps keep muscles intact

32
Q

is duchenne caused by a dominant or recessive gene

A

x-linked recessive

33
Q

describe myotonic muscular dystrophy

A

affects both sexes
usually young adulthood but can occur at any age
irritability & prolonged contraction of muscles leading to atrophy
may require wheelchair later life
respiratory infections pose great danger

34
Q

key symptoms myotonic muscular dystrophy

A
wasting/weakness in lower legs, hands, neck, face
mask-like face
premature balding
cateracts
heart arythmeas
35
Q

describe FSHD muscular distrophy

A

both sexes by age 20
progressive weakening & loss of skeletal muscles
normal lifespan - varying degrees disability
hearing loss, vision problems, respiratory problems

36
Q

muscles most affected duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

external stabiliser muscles

37
Q

muscles most affected myotonic muscular dystrophy

A

lower legs
hands
neck
face

38
Q

muscles most affected FSHD muscular dystrophy

A
face
shoulder girdle
upper arms
abdominal
foot extensor muscles
39
Q

key symptoms fshd muscular dystrophy

A
difficulty reaching above shoulder level
foot drop
scapular winging
facial weakness
lumbar lordosis
40
Q

what is myotonia

A

prolonged contraction of skeletal muscles