More physiology Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways ATP is produced in the body

A

1) Creatine phosphate
2) Anaerobic respiration
3) Aerobic Respiration

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2
Q

Resting muscles store ATP as -

A

Creatine phosphate

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3
Q

what is the ratio of creatine phosphate to ATP stored in a muscle cdll?

A

3-6 x more creatine phosphate than ATP stored

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4
Q

How does Creatine phosphate create ATP in muscle cells

A

-ATP stored as CP

when ATP used up in contraction CP is used to regenerate ATP so contraction can be sustained for longer

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5
Q

How much longer can a muscle contraction be sustained when Creatine Phosphate is used to regenerate ATP?

A

15 secs

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6
Q

What is Anaerobic Respiration

A

Without Oxygen
from Glucose
no fat burning

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7
Q

What does Anaerobic Respiration produce

A

2 ATP

lactic acid

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8
Q

What is Aerobic respiration

A

With Oxygen
from Glucose, fats, protein
fat burning

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9
Q

What does Aerobic respiration produce

A

38 ATP

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10
Q

Which is more efficient Aerobic or Anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic!

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11
Q

Anaerobic provides enough energy for an extra —– of activity?

A

30-40 secs

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12
Q

Aerobic respiration is needed for muscular activity lasting more than ______

A

a minute

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13
Q

Two types of muscle fibres

A

Red & white

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14
Q

Describe white muscle fibres

A
Less myoglobin = less oxygen to muscle
appear lighter (chicken breast)
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15
Q

Describe red muscle fibres

A

Lots of myoglobin = greater blood supply
more Mitochondria
Appear darker - leg meat on chicken

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16
Q

3 muscle twitch types

A

Slow twitch type 1
fast twitch type 2a
fast twitch type 2b

17
Q

What colour are slow twitch type 1 muscles?

A

Dark red

18
Q

What colour are fast twitch type 2a muscles

A

pink

19
Q

what colour are fast twitch type 2b muscle

A

white

20
Q

what type of respiration do slow twitch use?

A

Aerobic

21
Q

what type of respiration do fast twitch type 2b use

A

Anaerobic mainly

22
Q

what type of respiration do fast twitch type 2a use?

A

Aerobic

23
Q

Which are the most, least and medium powerful muscles?

A

Most powerful - fast twitch 2b
least powerful - slow twitch
medium powerful - fast twitch 2a

24
Q

Which twitch type muscles contract slowest, fastest and fast?

A

slow twitch - slowest
fast 2a - faster
fast 2b - fastest

25
Q

Which twitch types fatigue the most easily, medium and least?

A

Fast twitch 2b - fatigue quickly
fast twitch 2a - resist fatigue
slow twitch - longest duration

26
Q

what activities are the different muscle twitch types good for?

A

Slow twitch - endurance
fast twitch 2a - walking & sprinting
fast twitch 2b - power lifting

27
Q

Most skeletal muscle fibres are a _______ of muscle fibres

A

mixture

28
Q

proportions of muscle fibres vary depending on

A

the individual and their training

29
Q

exercise can cause muscle fibres to

A

change

30
Q

Endurance training converts _ to _

A

fast twitch type 2b to type 2a

31
Q

strength training causes what

A

Hypertrophy - increases size and strength of fast twitch type 2b fibres

32
Q

What effect does Creatine have on muscles

A

draws water into them making them look larger