More physiology Flashcards
3 ways ATP is produced in the body
1) Creatine phosphate
2) Anaerobic respiration
3) Aerobic Respiration
Resting muscles store ATP as -
Creatine phosphate
what is the ratio of creatine phosphate to ATP stored in a muscle cdll?
3-6 x more creatine phosphate than ATP stored
How does Creatine phosphate create ATP in muscle cells
-ATP stored as CP
when ATP used up in contraction CP is used to regenerate ATP so contraction can be sustained for longer
How much longer can a muscle contraction be sustained when Creatine Phosphate is used to regenerate ATP?
15 secs
What is Anaerobic Respiration
Without Oxygen
from Glucose
no fat burning
What does Anaerobic Respiration produce
2 ATP
lactic acid
What is Aerobic respiration
With Oxygen
from Glucose, fats, protein
fat burning
What does Aerobic respiration produce
38 ATP
Which is more efficient Aerobic or Anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic!
Anaerobic provides enough energy for an extra —– of activity?
30-40 secs
Aerobic respiration is needed for muscular activity lasting more than ______
a minute
Two types of muscle fibres
Red & white
Describe white muscle fibres
Less myoglobin = less oxygen to muscle appear lighter (chicken breast)
Describe red muscle fibres
Lots of myoglobin = greater blood supply
more Mitochondria
Appear darker - leg meat on chicken
3 muscle twitch types
Slow twitch type 1
fast twitch type 2a
fast twitch type 2b
What colour are slow twitch type 1 muscles?
Dark red
What colour are fast twitch type 2a muscles
pink
what colour are fast twitch type 2b muscle
white
what type of respiration do slow twitch use?
Aerobic
what type of respiration do fast twitch type 2b use
Anaerobic mainly
what type of respiration do fast twitch type 2a use?
Aerobic
Which are the most, least and medium powerful muscles?
Most powerful - fast twitch 2b
least powerful - slow twitch
medium powerful - fast twitch 2a
Which twitch type muscles contract slowest, fastest and fast?
slow twitch - slowest
fast 2a - faster
fast 2b - fastest
Which twitch types fatigue the most easily, medium and least?
Fast twitch 2b - fatigue quickly
fast twitch 2a - resist fatigue
slow twitch - longest duration
what activities are the different muscle twitch types good for?
Slow twitch - endurance
fast twitch 2a - walking & sprinting
fast twitch 2b - power lifting
Most skeletal muscle fibres are a _______ of muscle fibres
mixture
proportions of muscle fibres vary depending on
the individual and their training
exercise can cause muscle fibres to
change
Endurance training converts _ to _
fast twitch type 2b to type 2a
strength training causes what
Hypertrophy - increases size and strength of fast twitch type 2b fibres
What effect does Creatine have on muscles
draws water into them making them look larger
