Muscular Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Name the 4 functions of muscles
A
- movement (types of muscles)
- stability
- control of body openings and passages
- heat production
2
Q
List the 3 types of muscle contractions
A
- Concentric contraction: muscle force is greater than resistance
- Static/isometric contraction: muscle force is equal to resistance
- eccentric contraction: muscle force is less than resistance
3
Q
Give a brief explanation of type I muscle fibres
A
- slow twitch
- high myoglobin=high oxygen, mitochondria
- produce large amounts of ATP through aerobic metabolic cycle
- resistant to fatigue, repeated low level contractions.
- Often postural muscles (endurance)
- long endurance athletes have high number of this fibre
4
Q
Give a brief explanation of type IIa muscle fibres
A
- fast oxidative fibres
- hybrid of type I and II fibres
- large number of myoglobin and mitochondria
- produce ATP at a fast rate by utilizing both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
- strong, fast muscle contractions, but more prone to fatigue than type I muscles
5
Q
Give a brief explanation of type IIb muscle fibres
A
- fast glycolytic fibres
- low level of myoglobin and mitochondria
- produce ATP at a slow rate by anaerobic metabolism and break it down very quickly
- short, fast bursts of power and rapid fatigue
- can be turned into type IIa fibres by resistance training (increased fatigue resistance)
- found in large quantities in the muscles of the arms
6
Q
What is the difference between a strain and a sprain?
A
strain: overstretched muscles or tendons
sprain: more serious, result in tears to tendons, ligaments, and/or cartilage of joints
7
Q
Define agonist
A
primary mover
8
Q
Define antagonist
A
action opposite to the agonist
9
Q
Define stabilizers
A
fixate or stabilize the joint
10
Q
Define synergists
A
assist or guiding
