Muscular Flashcards
 Types of muscle
Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
For the movement of the heart it is involuntary muscle
Cardiac muscle 
Voluntary muscle
Skeletal muscle
Can be found in the lining of the intestine it is involuntary important in the peristalsis
Smooth muscle
Number of muscles in our body
Approximately 600 muscles
The connective tissue component
Endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium
Inner layer or inside cover of the skeletal muscle
Endomysium
Outside cover, coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole
Epimysium
Give strength and elasticity, tough connective tissue binding together fascicles
Perimysium 
Muscles attachment
Origin and insertion
Point of attachment that does not move
Origin
Point of attachment that moves with the muscles contracts
Insertion
Most movements are produced by the coordinated action of several muscles some muscles in the group contract but others relax
Muscle action
A muscle or group of muscles that they have the performs a specific movement
Prime mover
Muscles that when contracting directly opposed prime movers. Provide precision and control during contraction of prime movers. Move away the opposite the movement of prime mover
Antagonist
Stimulates or supports the movement of the prime mover. Muscles the contract at the same time as the prime movers and their facilities movers action to produce a more efficient movement
Synergists
Join stabilizes
Fixator muscles, maintain the muscle in plain or intact
Lever system
Rigid bar, fulcrum ,load,pull
Stabilize the muscle , steady movement of the muscles
Rigid bar
Balances the movement of the muscle
Fulcrum
Stimulates the muscles to move
Load
Contraction or the movement produced by the muscle
Pull
Fulcrum lies between the pull and the load not abundant in the human body
First class lever
Load lies between the fulcrum and the joint at which the pull is exerted
Second class lever
Pull is exerted between the fulcrum and load permit rapid and extensive movement opposing movement movement against gravity. Most common
Third class lever
Important in skeletal muscles
Muscles of facial expression, muscles of mastication ,muscles that move the head
Responsible or allow us to make facial expression unique in that at least one point of attachment is two deep layer of the skin over the face or neck
Muscles of facial expression
Responsible for chewing movement
Muscles of mastication
Paires muscles on either side of the neck are responsible for head movement
Muscles that move the head
Muscles of the face responsible for making us smile
Zygomaticus minor and major
Muscles of the thorax, muscles of the abdominal wall, muscles of the back, muscles of the pelvic floor
Trunk muscles
Critical importance in respiration muscles responsible for breathing or respiration
Muscles of the thorax
We use it for peristalsis or digestion arrange in three layers with fibers running in different directions to increase strength it’s also used for breathing
Muscles of the abdominal wall
Then destabilize the back
Muscles of the back
Supports the structure in the pelvic cavity.
Aid in the uterine contraction
Muscles of the pelvic floor
Major muscle use in breathing
Diaphragm
Upper limbs muscle
Muscles acting on the shoulder girdle
Muscles that move the upper arm
Muscles that move the wrist, hands, and fingers
Muscles that attach the upper extremity to the torso are located anteriorly
Upper extremity or arms
Muscles acting on the shoulder girdle
The shoulder is synovial joint allowing extensive movement in every plane motion
Muscles that move the upper arm
Found proximally to the elbow and attached to the ulna and radius
Muscles that move the forearm
This muscles are located on the anterior or posterior surfaces of the forearm
Muscles that move the wrist, hands, and fingers
Function in location and maintenance of stabily, muscles that move the thigh and lower leg, and muscles that move the ankle or foot
The pelvic girdle and lower extremity
Located in the leg and exert their actions by pulling on tendons that insert on bones in the ankle and foot responsible for dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion
Extrinsic foot muscle
Injection site
Deltoid muscle
Front muscles of the upper arm
Biceps
Extends to the Neck and to the back
Trapezius
Located within the foot and responsible for flexion extension abduction and adduction of toes
Intrinsic foot muscles
Body alignment that most favors functions and requires the less muscular work to maintain and keeping the body center of gravity over its base
-Wide base of support
Good posture
General functions of the muscles
Movement of the body as a whole or as a part
Heat production
posture
Characteristics of a skeletal muscle cell
Excitability or irritability
contractility
extensibility
Ability to stimulate the ability of skeletal muscle reactor stimulus
Excitability or irritability
The ability to contract or shorten and produced the movement
- muscle become short but allows movement
Contractility
Ability to extend or stretch allowing Muscles to return to the resting length, muscles becomes long expended and also generates movement
‘Extensibility
‘Muscles cells cells are called because of their thread like shape
Fibers
Plasma membrane of Muscles fibers acts as the gate responsible for the in an out of substances
‘Sarcolemma
Serve as Binding sit
e of calcium
-Network of tubules and sacs found within muscle fibers this continually pumps calcium ions from the sarcoplasm and stores the ions within its sac
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Numerous fine fibers packed close together in sarcoplasm
- are fine fibers grouped together
Myofibrils
A segment of microfibrils between two successive Z lines each myofibril consists of many sarcomeres which is the contractile unit of muscle fibers
Sarcomere
Striated muscle dark stripes called
A Bands
One that covers the sarcomere and sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasm
Transverse tubules
Formed inward extensions of the Sarcolemma
membrane has ion pumps that continually transport calcium ions inword from the sarcoplasm Allow electrical impulses traveling along the sarcolemma to move deeper into the cells
T tubules
Group of myofibrils
Myofilaments
Kinds of protein molecule
Myosin, actin, tropomyosin , troponin
Makes up almost all the thick filament
Myosin
Globular protein that forms Two fibrous strand twisted around each other to form the bulk of the thin filament
-does not stimulates or initiate muscle contraction
Actin
Protein that blocks the active sites on the actin molecules
-will attach to actin there will be no way that myosin will bind with actin
tropomyosin
Stabilize or contain your tropomyosin molecules in place
Protein that holds tropomyosin molecules in place
Troponin
Space between our muscles where acetylcholine travel and bind
- It is a Synapse when neurotransmitter molecules transmit signals
Neuromuscular junction
The neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft that diffuses across the gap stimulates receptors and initiates an impulse in the Sarcolemma
-chemical produced by a brain function for muscle neuron and nerve
Acetylcholine
When active sites on the actin are exposed myosin heads bank to them myosin heads band put into thin filaments pass them each had releases binds to the next active site and pulse again the entire myofibril shortens
Sliding filament theory
Contraction in which the one or tension within a muscle remains the same as the length of the muscle changes
- Opposite of the isometric contraction
Isotonic contraction
Two types of isotonic contraction
Concentric and eccentric
Muscle shortens as it contracts
Concentric
Muscle lengthens while contracting
Eccentric
Contraction in which muscle length remains the same while the muscle of tension increases
Isometric contraction
Contracts rhythmically and continuously to provide a pumping action needed to maintain a constant blood flow
Cardiac muscle
Is composed of a small tapered cells with a single nucleus no T tubules are present and only loosely organized sarcoplasmic reticulum is percent
Smooth muscle
Two types of smooth muscle tissue
Visceral muscle and multi unit
