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Definitions > muscoloskeletal > Flashcards

muscoloskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Coronoid what attaches

A

: AMCL (anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament)
: mid 1/3 of capsule
: deep head of brachialis

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2
Q

LCL complex (think PLRI) - 4 components

A

: LUCL ( inserts at tubercle, primary restraint)
: LRCL (inserts in annular )
: ALCL
: Annular ligament

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3
Q

varus stress test

A

performed by stabilizing the femur and palpating the lateral joint line

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4
Q

MCL complex (think (posteromedial rotational instability) PMRI)- 3 components

A

: AOL/ AMCL (0 – 90 flexion)
: POL (> 90 flexion )
: Transverse (coopers ligament) useless

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5
Q

Primary stabilisers

A

: Ulnohumeral (Bony)
: MCL complex
:LCL complex

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6
Q

Secondary constraints

A

: Radiocapitellar joint
: AP Capsule
: common flexors and extensors origins

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7
Q

Cubitus valgus

A

a medical deformity in which the forearm is angled away from the body to a greater degree than normal when fully extended

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8
Q

Cubitus varus

A

a common deformity in which the extended forearm is deviated towards midline of the body

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9
Q

Ulnar neuritis, or cubital tunnel syndrome

A

inflammation of the ulnar nerve in the arm that results in numbness or weakness in the hand

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10
Q

elbow

A

look and compare
feel
range of motion
strength

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11
Q

suppurative flexor tenosynovitis

A

tenderness along tendon sheath
fusiform swelling
finger held in flexion
pain with massive flexion

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12
Q

motor actions of nerves

A

Radial nerve: thumb extension
Median nerve: thumb abduction
Ulnar nerve: cross finger, abduct fingers

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13
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A

hand deformity that usually develops over years. The condition affects a layer of tissue that lies under the skin of your palm. Knots of tissue form under the skin — eventually creating a thick cord that can pull one or more fingers into a bent position

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14
Q

signs in thumb

A

Froments sign - It tests the strength of the adductor pollicus of the thumb, which is innervated by the ulnar nerve and is weakened in ulnar nerve palsy
Wartenberg sign- involuntary abduction of the fifth (little) finger
Jeane sign - weak and unstable pinch with hyperextension of the thumb metacarpophalangeal

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15
Q

Glenohumeral Joint Stability

A 
Static
Articular congruency
Scapular inclination
Labrum (50% depth)
Vacuum effect
Glenohumeral ligaments

Dynamic
Rotator cuff
Long Head of Biceps

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16
Q

T-sign (Neer‟s sign)

A

Impingement against coracoacromial arch

Pain between 70-110º

17
Q

Popeye sign

A

a pronounced bulging muscle in the distal aspect of the biceps region of the arm. It is clinically apparent with a complete long head of biceps tendon tear which causes distal migration of the long head of biceps muscle

18
Q

MRI use on shoulder

A

Best for soft tissue evaluation and bone oedema
T1 weighted sequences (Fat bright, fluid/bone dark)- Useful for Hill-Sachs lesion
T2 weighted sequences (Fluid bright, bone dark)- Rotator cuff and labral pathology

19
Q

Ultrasound of shoulder

A

Excellent to assess rotator cuff

Limited value for intraarticular structures

20
Q

Neurological examination

A

must test for senstation, motor and reflexes
C5- deltoid and biceps
C6- biceps, wrist extensors
C7- triceps, wrist flexorss, finger extensors
C8- interossei mm, figer flexors
T1- interossei mm

21
Q

Examine for myelopathy

A 
L’hermitte’s
Finger escape
Grip and release
Hoffman’s- Indicative of corticothalamic dysfunction
Radial reflex
22
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

a group of disorders that occur when blood vessels or nerves in the space between your collarbone and your first rib (thoracic outlet) are compressed.
This can cause pain in your shoulders and neck and numbness in your fingers

23
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

symptoms usually start gradually and include: Tingling or numbness. You may notice tingling and numbness in your fingers or hand. Usually the thumb and index, middle or ring fingers are affected

24
Q

Neurological Examination of spine

A

L4- tibialis ant

L5- extensor hallucis longis

25
Q

cervical myelopathy

A

Some causes includes degenerative mostly like osteophytes, trauma, tumours, epidural abscesses or cervical kyphosis.
Neck pain and stiffness, extremety paresthesias
Gait imbalance, clumsiness of the hands

26
Q

Rheumatoid cervical spondylitis

A

Present in 90% of patients with RA
Atlantoaxial subluxation
Basilar invagination
Subaxial subluxation >4mm or 20% may indicate cord compression

27
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis/ Bechterew’s disease

A 
strikes before 45yrs
some but not all pts are HLA- B27
M>W
treat with NSAIDs and biologics
can cause: uveitis, IBD, psoriasis
28
Q

Scheuermann’s disease

A

self-limiting skeletal disorder of childhood where the vertebrae grow unevenly with respect to the sagittal plane; that is, the posterior angle is often greater than the anterior causing kyphosis.

29
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

causes one of the lower vertebrae to slip forward onto the bone directly beneath it
82% L5 S1; 11% L4 L5
Complain of axial back pain, leg pain due to radiculopathy, neurogenic claudication
Most patients treated nonoperatively. AAA, lifestyle modifications and Physio

30
Q

Cauda Equina syndrome

A

Bilateral leg pain, bowel and bladder dysfunction and saddle anesthesia as well as lower limb sensory motor changes
Disc herniations, spinal stenosis, tumours, trauma, spinal epidural haematoma, epidural abscess.
Patient requires urgent surgical decompression within 48 hours
With delayed presentation sexual dysfunction, urinary dysfunction requiring catheterization, chronic pain and persistent leg weakness will occur

31
Q

Spinal TB

A

begins in metaphysis of anterior vertebral body
May spread via the Anterior longitudinal ligament to contiguous bodies and in 15% to non contiguous or skip lesions
Paraspinal abscess formation occurs in more than 50%
Severe kyphosis can form in chronic conditions-gibbus

32
Q

vertebra plana

A

also known as the pancake or silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture

33
Q

causes of vertebra plana

A 
Infection
Malignancy/Multiple Myeloma
Eosinophylic Granuloma
Lymphoma/Luekemia
TB/Trauma
34
Q

Radicular pain, or radiculitis

A

pain “radiated” along the dermatome (sensory distribution) of a nerve due to inflammation or other irritation of the nerve root (radiculopathy) at its connection to the spinal column

Definitions (11 decks)

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