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Gross Anatomy '14 > Muscles: test 4 (FINAL EXAM) > Flashcards

Muscles: test 4 (FINAL EXAM) Flashcards

0
Q

gluteus maximus insertion

A

most fibers end in iliotibial tract–> inserts into lateral condyle of tibia
some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur

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1
Q

Gluteus Maximus origin

A

ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament

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2
Q

gluteus maximus innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)

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3
Q

gluteus maximus actions

A

extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions
assists in lateral rotation
steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position

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4
Q

gluteus medius origin

A

external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

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5
Q

gluteus medius insertion

A

lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

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6
Q

gluteus medius innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)

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7
Q

gluteus medius action

A

abduct
anterior portions–> medially rotate hip joint
keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

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8
Q

gluteus minimus origin

A

external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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9
Q

gluteus minimus insertion

A

anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

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10
Q

gluteus minimus innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)

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11
Q

gluteus minimus action

A

abduct
anterior portions–> medially rotate hip joint
keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated

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12
Q

tensor fasciae latae origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine

anterior part of iliac crest

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13
Q

tensor fasciae latae insertion

A

iliotibial tract– attaches to lateral condyle of tibia

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14
Q

tensor fasciae latae innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)

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15
Q

tensor fasciae latae action

A

flexes hip joint

acts with gluteus max. to stabilize the extended knee joint

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16
Q

Piriformis Origin

A

anterior surface of 2-4th sacral segments

superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament

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17
Q

piriformis insertion

A

superior border of greater trochanter of femur

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18
Q

piriformis innervation

A

branches of anterior rami of S1,S2

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19
Q

piriformis action

A

laterally rotate extended hip joint
abduct flexed hip joint
steady femoral head in acetabulum

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20
Q

obturator internus origin

A

pelvic surface of ilium and ischium

obturator membrane

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21
Q

obturator internus insertion

A

medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

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22
Q

obturator internus innervation

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)

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23
Q

obturator internus action

A

laterally rotate extended hip joint
abduct flexed hip joint
steady femoral head in acetabulum

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24
Q

Gemellae (superior and inferior) origin

A

superior: ischial spine
inferior: ischial tuberosity

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25
Q

Gemellae (superior and inferior) insertion

A

medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

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26
Q

Gemellae (superior and inferior) innervation

A

superior: nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)
inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

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27
Q

Gemellae (superior and inferior) action

A

laterally rotate extended hip joint
abduct flexed hip joint
steady femoral head in acetabulum

** same as piriformis and obturator internus

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28
Q

quadratus femoris origin

A

lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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29
Q

quadratus femoris insertion

A

quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

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30
Q

quadratus femoris innervation

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

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31
Q

quadratus femoris action

A

laterally rotates hip joint

pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis

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32
Q

pectineus origin

A

superior ramus of pubis

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33
Q

pectineus insertion

A

pectineal line of femur (inferior to lesser trochanter)

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34
Q

pectineus innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2,L3)

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35
Q

pectineus action

A

adducts and flexes hip joint

assists with medial rotation of hip joint

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36
Q

sartorius origin

A

anterior superior iliac spine

superior part of notch inferior to it

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37
Q

sartorius insertion

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia

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38
Q

sartorius innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2,L3)

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39
Q

sartorius action

A

flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates hip joint

flexes knee joint

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40
Q

psoas major origin

A

sides of T12-L5 vertebrae & discs between them

transverse process of all lumbar vertebrae

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41
Q

psoas major insertion

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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42
Q

psoas major innervation

A

anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2,L3)

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43
Q

psoas major action

A

flexes hip joint
stabilizes hip joint
controls deviation of the trunk
active during standing

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44
Q

iliacus origin

A

iliac crest
iliac fossa
ala of sacrum
anterior sacro-iliac ligaments

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45
Q

iliacus insertion

A

tendon of psoas major

lesser trochanter and femur distal to it

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46
Q

iliacus innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2,L3)

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47
Q

iliacus action

A

flexes and stabilizes hip joint (with psoas major)

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48
Q

rectus femoris origin

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

ilium superior to acetabulum

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49
Q

rectus femoris insertion

A

via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity

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50
Q

rectus femoris innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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51
Q

rectus femoris action

A

extends knee joint
stablizes hip joint
helps iliopsoas flex hip joint

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52
Q

vastus lateralis origin

A

greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera

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53
Q

vastus lateralis insertion

A

via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity

tibia and patella via aponeurosis

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54
Q

vastus lateralis innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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55
Q

vastus lateralis action

A

extends knee joint

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56
Q

vastus medialis origin

A

intertrochanteric line

medial lip of linea aspera

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57
Q

vastus medialis insertion

A

via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity

tibia and patella via aponeuroses

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58
Q

vastus medialis innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L5)

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59
Q

vastus medialis action

A

extends knee joint

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60
Q

vastus intermedius origin

A

anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur

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61
Q

vastus intermedius insertion

A

via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity

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62
Q

vastus intermedius innervation

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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63
Q

vastus intermedius action

A

extends knee joint

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64
Q

adductor longus origin

A

body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

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65
Q

adductor longus insertion

A

middle third of linea aspera of femur

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66
Q

adductor longus innervation

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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67
Q

adductor longus action

A

adducts hip joint

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68
Q

adductor brevis origin

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

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69
Q

adductor brevis insertion

A

pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur

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70
Q

adductor brevis innervation

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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71
Q

adductor brevis action

A

adducts hip joint

flexes hip joint (to some extent)

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72
Q

adductor magnus origin

A

adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis & ramus of ischium

hamstring part: ischial tuberosity

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73
Q

adductor magnus insertion

A

adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femus

74
Q

adductor magnus innervation

A

adductor part: obturator nerve (L2-L4)

hamstring part: part of sciatic nerve (L4)

75
Q

adductor magnus action

A

adducts hip joint

adductor part: flexes hip joint
hamstring part: extends hip joint

76
Q

gracilis origin

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis

77
Q

gracilis insertion

A

superior part of medial surface of tibia

78
Q

gracilis innervation

A

obturator nerve (L2, L3)

79
Q

gracilis action

A

adducts hip joint

flexes knee joint & helps rotate it medially

80
Q

obturator externus origin

A

margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

81
Q

obturator externus insertion

A

trochanteric fossa of femur

82
Q

obturator externus innervation

A

obturator nerve (L3,L4)

83
Q

obturator externus action

A

laterally rotates hip joint

pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady

84
Q

biceps femoris (long and short head) origin

A

long head: ischial tuberosity

short head: linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line of femur

85
Q

biceps femoris (long and short head) insertion

A

lateral side of head of fibula

tendon split @ this point by fibular collateral ligament of knee

86
Q

biceps femoris (long and short head) innervation

A

long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)

short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)

87
Q

biceps femoris (long and short head) action

A

flexes knee
rotates knee when flexed
extends hip joint

88
Q

semitendinosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

89
Q

semitendinosus insertion

A

medial surface of superior part of tibia

90
Q

semitendinosus innervation

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)

91
Q

semitendinosus action

A

extends hip joint
flex knee joint & rotate leg medially when flexed
when hip and knee are flexed–> extend trunk

92
Q

semimembranosus origin

A

ischial tuberosity

93
Q

semimembranosus insertion

A

posterior part of medial condyle of tibia

94
Q

semimembranosus innervation

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)

95
Q

semimembranosus action

A

extend hip joint
flex knee joint & rotate leg medially when knee is flexed
when knee and hip are flexed–> extend trunk

96
Q

gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) origin

A

lateral: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
medial: popiteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle

97
Q

gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) insertion

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

98
Q

gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1,S2)

99
Q

gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) action

A

plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended
raises heel during walking
flexes knee joint

100
Q

popliteus origin

A

lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur

lateral meniscus

101
Q

popliteus insertion

A

posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

102
Q

popliteus innervation

A

tibial nerve (L4,L5,S1)

103
Q

popliteus action

A

weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia
medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb

104
Q

plantaris origin

A

inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur

oblique popliteal ligament

105
Q

plantaris insertion

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

106
Q

plantaris innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1,S2)

107
Q

plantaris action

A 
weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle
function is mainly proprioceptive
108
Q

tibialis anterior origin

A

lateral condyle

superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane

109
Q

tibialis anterior insertion

A

medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

110
Q

tibialis anterior innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L4,L5)

111
Q

tibialis anterior action

A

dorsiflexes ankle
inverts foot
supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

112
Q

extensor hallucis longus origin

A

middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

113
Q

extensor hallucis longus insertion

A

dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe

114
Q

extensor hallucis longus innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L5,S1)

115
Q

extensor hallucis longus action

A

extends great toe

dorsiflexes ankle

116
Q

extensor digitorum longus origin

A

lateral condyle of tibia

superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

117
Q

extensor digitorum longus innervation

A

deep fibular nerve (L5,S1)

118
Q

extensor digitorum longus action

A

extends lateral 4 digits

dorsiflexes ankle

119
Q

fibularis longus origin

A

head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

120
Q

fibularis longus insertion

A

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

121
Q

fibularis longus innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5,S1,S2)

122
Q

fibularis longus action

A

evert foot
weakly plantarflex ankle
supports transverse arch of foot

123
Q

fibularis brevis origin

A

middle part of lateral surface of fibula

124
Q

fibularis brevis insertion

A

dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal

125
Q

fibularis brevis innervation

A

superficial fibular nerve (L5,S1,S2)

126
Q

fibularis brevis action

A

evert foot

weakly plantarflex ankle

127
Q

soleus origin

A

posterior aspect of head of fibula
superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula
soleal line
medial border of tibia

128
Q

soleus insertion

A

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

129
Q

soleus innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1,S2)

130
Q

soleus action

A

plantarflexes ankle

steadies leg on foot

131
Q

flexor digitorum longus origin

A

medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
by a broad tendon to fibula

132
Q

flexor digitorum longus insertion

A

bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

133
Q

flexor digitorum longus innervation

A

tibial nerve (S2,S3)

134
Q

flexor digitorum longus action

A

flexes lateral 4 digits
plantarflexes ankle
supports longitudinal arches of foot

135
Q

flexor hallucis longus origin

A

inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula

inferior part of interosseous membrane

136
Q

flexor hallucis longus insertion

A

base of distal phalanx of great toe

137
Q

flexor hallucis longus innervation

A

tibial nerve (S2,S3)

138
Q

flexor hallucis longus action

A

flexes great toe at all joints
weakly plantarflexes ankle
supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

139
Q

tibialis posterior origin

A

interosseous membrane
posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
posterior surface of fibula

140
Q

tibialis posterior insertion

A

primarily to tuberosity of navicular

also to cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals

141
Q

tibialis posterior innervation

A

tibial nerve (L4,L5)

142
Q

tibialis posterior action

A

plantarflexes ankle
inverts foot
supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

143
Q

extensor digitorum brevis & extensor hallucis brevis

A
  • form fleshy mass on lateral part of dorsum of foot
  • anterior to lateral malleolus
  • aid in extending digits 1-4
144
Q

abductor hallucis origin

A

medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
flexor retinaculum
plantar aponeurosis

145
Q

abductor hallucis insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

146
Q

abductor hallucis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)

147
Q

abductor hallucis action

A

abducts and flexes 1st digit

148
Q

flexor digitorum brevis origin

A

medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
plantar aponeurosis
intermuscular septa

149
Q

flexor digitorum brevis insertion

A

middle phalanx of lateral 4 digits

150
Q

flexor digitorum brevis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)

151
Q

flexor digitorum brevis action

A

flexes lateral 4 digits

152
Q

abductor digit minimi origin

A

medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
plantar aponeurosis
intermuscular septa

153
Q

abductor digiti minimi insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

154
Q

abductor digit minimi innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

155
Q

abductor digiti minimi action

A

abducts and flexes 5th digit

156
Q

quadratus plantae origin

A

medial surface of lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus

157
Q

quadratus plantae insertion

A

posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

158
Q

quadratus plantae innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

159
Q

quadratus plantae action

A

assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits

160
Q

lumbricals origin

A

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

161
Q

lumbricals insertion

A

medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits

162
Q

lumbricals innervation

A

medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)

lateral 3: lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

163
Q

lumbricals action

A

flex proximal phalanges

extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

164
Q

flexor hallucis brevis origin

A

plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

165
Q

flexor hallucis brevis insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

166
Q

flexor hallucis brevis innervation

A

medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)

167
Q

flexor hallucis brevis action

A

flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit

168
Q

flexor digiti minimi origin

A

base of 5th metatarsal

169
Q

flexor digiti minimi insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

170
Q

flexor digiti minimi innervation

A

superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

171
Q

flexor digiti minimi action

A

flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

172
Q

adductor hallucis origin

A

oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4

transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsalphalangeal joints

173
Q

adductor hallucis insertion

A

base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit

174
Q

adductor hallucis innervation

A

deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

175
Q

adductor hallucis action

A

adducts 1st digit

assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot

176
Q

dorsal interossei origin

A

adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

177
Q

dorsal interossei insertion

A

first: proximal phalanx of 2nd digit

3-5: lateral sides of 2-4 digits

178
Q

dorsal interossei action

A

abduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarophalangeal joints

179
Q

plantar interossei origin

A

bases of medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

180
Q

plantar interossei insertion

A

bases of proximal phalanges of 3-5th digits

181
Q

plantar interossei innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve

182
Q

plantar interossei action

A

adduct digits 3-5

flex metatarsophalangeal joints

Gross Anatomy '14 (4 decks)

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