Muscles: test 4 (FINAL EXAM) Flashcards
gluteus maximus insertion
most fibers end in iliotibial tract–> inserts into lateral condyle of tibia
some fibers insert on gluteal tuberosity of femur
Gluteus Maximus origin
ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx
sacrotuberous ligament
gluteus maximus innervation
inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,S2)
gluteus maximus actions
extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions
assists in lateral rotation
steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting position
gluteus medius origin
external surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
gluteus medius insertion
lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
gluteus medius innervation
superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
gluteus medius action
abduct
anterior portions–> medially rotate hip joint
keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
gluteus minimus origin
external surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
gluteus minimus insertion
anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
gluteus minimus innervation
superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
gluteus minimus action
abduct
anterior portions–> medially rotate hip joint
keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
tensor fasciae latae origin
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior part of iliac crest
tensor fasciae latae insertion
iliotibial tract– attaches to lateral condyle of tibia
tensor fasciae latae innervation
superior gluteal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
tensor fasciae latae action
flexes hip joint
acts with gluteus max. to stabilize the extended knee joint
Piriformis Origin
anterior surface of 2-4th sacral segments
superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament
piriformis insertion
superior border of greater trochanter of femur
piriformis innervation
branches of anterior rami of S1,S2
piriformis action
laterally rotate extended hip joint
abduct flexed hip joint
steady femoral head in acetabulum
obturator internus origin
pelvic surface of ilium and ischium
obturator membrane
obturator internus insertion
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
obturator internus innervation
nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)
obturator internus action
laterally rotate extended hip joint
abduct flexed hip joint
steady femoral head in acetabulum
Gemellae (superior and inferior) origin
superior: ischial spine
inferior: ischial tuberosity
Gemellae (superior and inferior) insertion
medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Gemellae (superior and inferior) innervation
superior: nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)
inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)
Gemellae (superior and inferior) action
laterally rotate extended hip joint
abduct flexed hip joint
steady femoral head in acetabulum
** same as piriformis and obturator internus
quadratus femoris origin
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
quadratus femoris insertion
quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
quadratus femoris innervation
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5,S1)
quadratus femoris action
laterally rotates hip joint
pulls femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint/pelvis
pectineus origin
superior ramus of pubis
pectineus insertion
pectineal line of femur (inferior to lesser trochanter)
pectineus innervation
femoral nerve (L2,L3)
pectineus action
adducts and flexes hip joint
assists with medial rotation of hip joint
sartorius origin
anterior superior iliac spine
superior part of notch inferior to it
sartorius insertion
superior part of medial surface of tibia
sartorius innervation
femoral nerve (L2,L3)
sartorius action
flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates hip joint
flexes knee joint
psoas major origin
sides of T12-L5 vertebrae & discs between them
transverse process of all lumbar vertebrae
psoas major insertion
lesser trochanter of femur
psoas major innervation
anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2,L3)
psoas major action
flexes hip joint
stabilizes hip joint
controls deviation of the trunk
active during standing
iliacus origin
iliac crest
iliac fossa
ala of sacrum
anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
iliacus insertion
tendon of psoas major
lesser trochanter and femur distal to it
iliacus innervation
femoral nerve (L2,L3)
iliacus action
flexes and stabilizes hip joint (with psoas major)
rectus femoris origin
anterior inferior iliac spine
ilium superior to acetabulum
rectus femoris insertion
via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity
rectus femoris innervation
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
rectus femoris action
extends knee joint
stablizes hip joint
helps iliopsoas flex hip joint
vastus lateralis origin
greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
vastus lateralis insertion
via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity
tibia and patella via aponeurosis
vastus lateralis innervation
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
vastus lateralis action
extends knee joint
vastus medialis origin
intertrochanteric line
medial lip of linea aspera
vastus medialis insertion
via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity
tibia and patella via aponeuroses
vastus medialis innervation
femoral nerve (L2-L5)
vastus medialis action
extends knee joint
vastus intermedius origin
anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
vastus intermedius insertion
via common tendinous and independent attachments to base of patella
indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tiberosity
vastus intermedius innervation
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
vastus intermedius action
extends knee joint
adductor longus origin
body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
adductor longus insertion
middle third of linea aspera of femur
adductor longus innervation
obturator nerve (L2-L4)
adductor longus action
adducts hip joint
adductor brevis origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
adductor brevis insertion
pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur
adductor brevis innervation
obturator nerve (L2-L4)
adductor brevis action
adducts hip joint
flexes hip joint (to some extent)
adductor magnus origin
adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis & ramus of ischium
hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
adductor magnus insertion
adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femus
adductor magnus innervation
adductor part: obturator nerve (L2-L4)
hamstring part: part of sciatic nerve (L4)
adductor magnus action
adducts hip joint
adductor part: flexes hip joint
hamstring part: extends hip joint
gracilis origin
body and inferior ramus of pubis
gracilis insertion
superior part of medial surface of tibia
gracilis innervation
obturator nerve (L2, L3)
gracilis action
adducts hip joint
flexes knee joint & helps rotate it medially
obturator externus origin
margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
obturator externus insertion
trochanteric fossa of femur
obturator externus innervation
obturator nerve (L3,L4)
obturator externus action
laterally rotates hip joint
pulls head of femur into acetabulum holding pelvis steady
biceps femoris (long and short head) origin
long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line of femur
biceps femoris (long and short head) insertion
lateral side of head of fibula
tendon split @ this point by fibular collateral ligament of knee
biceps femoris (long and short head) innervation
long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
biceps femoris (long and short head) action
flexes knee
rotates knee when flexed
extends hip joint
semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberosity
semitendinosus insertion
medial surface of superior part of tibia
semitendinosus innervation
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
semitendinosus action
extends hip joint
flex knee joint & rotate leg medially when flexed
when hip and knee are flexed–> extend trunk
semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
semimembranosus insertion
posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
semimembranosus innervation
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
semimembranosus action
extend hip joint
flex knee joint & rotate leg medially when knee is flexed
when knee and hip are flexed–> extend trunk
gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) origin
lateral: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
medial: popiteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) innervation
tibial nerve (S1,S2)
gastrocnemius (lateral & medial head) action
plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended
raises heel during walking
flexes knee joint
popliteus origin
lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
lateral meniscus
popliteus insertion
posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
popliteus innervation
tibial nerve (L4,L5,S1)
popliteus action
weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia
medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb
plantaris origin
inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur
oblique popliteal ligament
plantaris insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
plantaris innervation
tibial nerve (S1,S2)
plantaris action
weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle function is mainly proprioceptive
tibialis anterior origin
lateral condyle
superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
tibialis anterior insertion
medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
tibialis anterior innervation
deep fibular nerve (L4,L5)
tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexes ankle
inverts foot
supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
extensor hallucis longus origin
middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
extensor hallucis longus insertion
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe
extensor hallucis longus innervation
deep fibular nerve (L5,S1)
extensor hallucis longus action
extends great toe
dorsiflexes ankle
extensor digitorum longus origin
lateral condyle of tibia
superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
extensor digitorum longus innervation
deep fibular nerve (L5,S1)
extensor digitorum longus action
extends lateral 4 digits
dorsiflexes ankle
fibularis longus origin
head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
fibularis longus insertion
base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
fibularis longus innervation
superficial fibular nerve (L5,S1,S2)
fibularis longus action
evert foot
weakly plantarflex ankle
supports transverse arch of foot
fibularis brevis origin
middle part of lateral surface of fibula
fibularis brevis insertion
dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal
fibularis brevis innervation
superficial fibular nerve (L5,S1,S2)
fibularis brevis action
evert foot
weakly plantarflex ankle
soleus origin
posterior aspect of head of fibula
superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula
soleal line
medial border of tibia
soleus insertion
posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
soleus innervation
tibial nerve (S1,S2)
soleus action
plantarflexes ankle
steadies leg on foot
flexor digitorum longus origin
medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
by a broad tendon to fibula
flexor digitorum longus insertion
bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
flexor digitorum longus innervation
tibial nerve (S2,S3)
flexor digitorum longus action
flexes lateral 4 digits
plantarflexes ankle
supports longitudinal arches of foot
flexor hallucis longus origin
inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
inferior part of interosseous membrane
flexor hallucis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of great toe
flexor hallucis longus innervation
tibial nerve (S2,S3)
flexor hallucis longus action
flexes great toe at all joints
weakly plantarflexes ankle
supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
tibialis posterior origin
interosseous membrane
posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line
posterior surface of fibula
tibialis posterior insertion
primarily to tuberosity of navicular
also to cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
tibialis posterior innervation
tibial nerve (L4,L5)
tibialis posterior action
plantarflexes ankle
inverts foot
supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
extensor digitorum brevis & extensor hallucis brevis
- form fleshy mass on lateral part of dorsum of foot
- anterior to lateral malleolus
- aid in extending digits 1-4
abductor hallucis origin
medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
flexor retinaculum
plantar aponeurosis
abductor hallucis insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
abductor hallucis innervation
medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
abductor hallucis action
abducts and flexes 1st digit
flexor digitorum brevis origin
medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus
plantar aponeurosis
intermuscular septa
flexor digitorum brevis insertion
middle phalanx of lateral 4 digits
flexor digitorum brevis innervation
medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
flexor digitorum brevis action
flexes lateral 4 digits
abductor digit minimi origin
medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus
plantar aponeurosis
intermuscular septa
abductor digiti minimi insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
abductor digit minimi innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
abductor digiti minimi action
abducts and flexes 5th digit
quadratus plantae origin
medial surface of lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
quadratus plantae insertion
posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
quadratus plantae innervation
lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
quadratus plantae action
assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits
lumbricals origin
tendons of flexor digitorum longus
lumbricals insertion
medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
lumbricals innervation
medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
lateral 3: lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
lumbricals action
flex proximal phalanges
extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
flexor hallucis brevis origin
plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
flexor hallucis brevis insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
flexor hallucis brevis innervation
medial plantar nerve (S2,S3)
flexor hallucis brevis action
flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
flexor digiti minimi origin
base of 5th metatarsal
flexor digiti minimi insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
flexor digiti minimi innervation
superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)
flexor digiti minimi action
flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
adductor hallucis origin
oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsalphalangeal joints
adductor hallucis insertion
base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
adductor hallucis innervation
deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
adductor hallucis action
adducts 1st digit
assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot
dorsal interossei origin
adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
dorsal interossei insertion
first: proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
3-5: lateral sides of 2-4 digits
dorsal interossei action
abduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarophalangeal joints
plantar interossei origin
bases of medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
plantar interossei insertion
bases of proximal phalanges of 3-5th digits
plantar interossei innervation
lateral plantar nerve
plantar interossei action
adduct digits 3-5
flex metatarsophalangeal joints
