Muscles: Test 2 Flashcards
Insertion of the Trapezuis
Lateral Third of the clavicle
acromion
spine of the scapula
origin of the Trapezuis
Medial Third of the superior nuchal line
EOP
nuchal ligament
Spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
innervation of the trapezuis
spinal accessory nerve (CV XI)
C3,C4 spinal nerves
Actions of Trapezuis
Descending (superior): Elevates
Ascending (inferior): depresses
Middle/all together: retracts scapula, rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
Rhomboid Major Origin
spinous process of T2-T5 verterbrae
Rhomboid major insertion
medial third of the scapula from level of spine to inferior angl
Rhomboid minor origin
nuchal ligament,
spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
Rhomboid Minor insertion
triangular area of medial end of scapular spine
Rhomboid Innervation
dorsal scapular nerve (C4,C5)
Rhomboid action
Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity
fix scapular to thoracic wall
Levator Scapulae origin
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
Levator Scapulae Insertion
Medial border of the scapula superior to the root of spine
levator scapulae Innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
C3,C4 spinal nerves
levator scapulae actions
elevates scapula and tilts gleniod cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
Supraspinatus Origin
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
supraspinatus insertion
superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus
supraspinatus innervation
suprascapular nerve (C4,C5,C6)
supraspinatus actions
initiates and assists deltoid: abduction of should joint
and acts with other rotator cuff muscles
Infraspinatus Origin
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
infraspinatus Insertion
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Infraspinatus innervation
suprascapular nerve (C5,C6)
Infraspinatus actions
laterally rotates should joint,
helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
Teres Minor origin
middle part of lateral border of scapula
teres minor insertion
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
teres minor innervation
axillary nerve (C5,C6)
Teres minor action
laterally rotates should joint
helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
Teres major origin
inferior border of scapula and
posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Teres major insertion
medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
teres major innervation
lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6)
teres major actions
adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
subscapularis origin
subscapular fossa of scapula
subscapularis insertion
lesser tubercle of humerus
subscapularis innervation
upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,C6,C7)
subscapularis actions
medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint.
helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity
Deltoid Origin
Lateral third of clavicle
acromion and spine of scapula
same as insertion of trap
Deltoid Insertion
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
deltoid innervation
axillary nerve (C5,C6)
Deltoid Actions
clavicular (anterior): flexes and medially rotates shoulder joint
Acromial (middle): abducts shoulder joint
Spinal (posterior): extends and laterally rotates shoulder joint
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
spinous processes of inferior six thoracic vertebrae
Thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
inferior 3-4 ribs
Latissimus Dorsi insertion
floor of interubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus
Latissimus Dorsi innervation
thoracodorsal nerve
C6,C7,C8 spinal nerves
Latissimus Dorsi actions
extends, adducts, and medially rotates should joint
raises body towards arms (climbing)
Pecoralis Major origin
Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Pectoralis major insertion
lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus
Pectoralis major innervation
lateral and medial pectoral nerves
clavicular head: C5,C6
sternocostal head: C7,C8,T1
Pectoralis minor origin
3-5 ribs near their costal cartilage
pectoralis minor insertion
medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
pectoralis minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1)
Pectoralis minor actions
stabilizes scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
Subclavius origin
Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
subclavius insertion
inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
subclavius innervation
subclavian nerve (C5,C6)
subclavius actions
anchors and depresses clavicle
Serratus anterior origin
external surfaces of lateral parts of 1-8 ribs
serratus anterior insertion
anterior surface of medial border of scapula
serratus anterior innervation
long thoracic nerve (C5,C6,C7)
serratus anterior actions
protracts scapula and holds against thoracic wall.
rotates scapula
sternocleidomastoid (SCM) origin
lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
sternocleidomastoid insertion
sternal head: anterior surfaces of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head: superior surface of medial third of clavicle
sternocleidomastoid innervation
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
C2,C3 spinal nerves
sternocliedomastoid actions
unilateral contraction: tilts head to same side and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side.
bilateral contraction: extends head at atlanto-occipital joints, flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium, extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so sin is thrust foward with head kept level.
with cervical vertebrae fixed: elevate manubrium and medial end of clavicles
anterior scalene origin
anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebrae
anterior scalene insertion
1st rib
anterior scalene innervation
cervical spinal nerves (C4-C6)
anterior scalene action
flexes neck laterally, elevates first rib during forced inspiration
middle scalene origin
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C7 vertebrae
middle scalene insertion
1st rib
middle scalene innervation
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
middle scalene actions
flexes laterally, elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
posterior scalene origin
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C4-C6 vertebrae
posterior scalene insertion
2nd rib
posterior scalene innervation
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7,C8
posterior scalene actions
flexes neck laterally and elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration
omohyoid origin
superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
omohyoid insertion
inferior border of hyoid
omohyoid action
depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid
Biceps brachii origin
short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
biceps brachii insertion
tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
biceps brachii innervation
musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6)
biceps brachii actions
supinates forearm and when it is supinated, flexes elbow joint, flexes shoulder joint,
short head resists dislocation of shoulder
coracobrachialis origin
tip of coracoid process of scapula
coracobrachialis insertion
middle third of medial surface of humerus
coracobrachialis innervation
musculocutaneous nerve ( C5,C6,C7)
coracobrachialis actions
helps flex and adduct shoulder joint
resists dislocation of shoulder
brachialis origin
distal half of anterior surface of humerus
brachialis insertion
coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
brachialis innervation
musculocutaneous nerve (C5,C6)
brachialis actions
flexes elbow joint in all positions
triceps brachii origin
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
triceps brachii insertion
proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm
triceps brachii innervation
Radial Nerve (C6,C7,C8)
triceps brachii actions
Extends elbow joint.
Long head: extends shoulder joint and resists dislocation of the humerus
Brachioradialis origin
proximal two thirds of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
brachioradialis insertion
lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
brachioradialis innervation
Radial nerve (C5,C6,C7)
brachioradialis action
relatively weak flexion of elbow joint
maximal when forearm is in midpronated position
Extensor carpi radialis longus origin
lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis longus insertion
dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal
Extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
radial nerve (C6,C7)
Extensor carpi radialis longus action
extend and abduct wrist joint
Extensor carpi radialis brevis origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion
dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
Extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation
deep branch of radial nerve (C7,C8)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis action
extend and abduct wrist joint
active during fist clenching
extensor digitorum origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
extensor digitorum insertion
extensor expansions of medial 4 fingers
extensor digitorum innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
extensor digitorum action
extend wrist joint
extend medial four fingers
extensor digiti minimi origin
lateral epidondyle of humerus
extensor digiti minimi insertion
extensor expansion of 5th finger
extensor digiti minimi innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
extensor digiti minimi action
extends wrist joint
extends 5th finger
extensor carpi ulnaris origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
posterior border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis
extensor carpi ulnaris insertion
dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal
extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
extensor carpi ulnaris action
supinates forearm
rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is fixed)
Abductor pollicis longus origin
posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, & interosseous membrane
Abductor pollicis longus insertion
base of 1st metacarpal
Abductor pollicis longus innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
Abductor pollicis longus action
extends wrist joint
abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint
extensor pollicis longus origin
posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
extensor pollicis longus insertion
dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
extensor pollicis longus innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
extensor pollicis longus action
extends wrist joint
extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint
extends metacarpophalangela and carpometacarpal joints
extensor pollicis brevis origin
posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane
extensor pollicis brevis insertion
doral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
extensor pollicis brevis innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
extensor pollicis brevis action
extends wrist
extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint
extends carpometacarpal joint
extensor indicis origin
posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
extensor indicis insertion
extensor expansion of 2nd finger
extensor indicis innervation
posterior interosseous nerve (C7,C8)
extensor indicis action
extends wrist
extends 2nd finger
helps extend hand at wrist
Supinator origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
radial collateral and anular ligaments
supinator fossa
crest of ulna
supinator insertion
lateral,posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
supinator innervation
deep branch of radial nerve (C7,C8)
supinator action
supinates forearm
rotates radius to turn pam anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
pronator teres origin
ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna
humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
pronator teres insertion
middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
pronator teres innervation
median nerve (C6,C7)
pronator teres action
pronates and flexes forearm
flexor carpi radialis origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
flexor carpi radialis insertion
base of 2nd (3rd) metacarpal
flexor carpi radialis innervation
median nerve (C6,C7)
flexor carpi radialis action
flexes and abducts hand at wrist
Palmaris longus origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
Palmaris longus insertion
distal half of flexor retinaculum
palmer aponeurosis
Palmaris longus innervation
median nerve (C7,C8)
Palmaris longus action
flexes hand (at wrist) tenses palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris origin
humeral and ulnar head
olecranon and posterior border of ulna
Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion
pisiform
hook of hamate
5th metacarpal
Flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
ulnar nerve (C7,C8)
Flexor carpi ulnaris action
flexes and adducts hand at wrist
flexor digitorum superficialis origin
humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coranoid process of ulna
radial head: oblique line of radius
flexor digitorum superficialis insertion
shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
median nerve (C7,C8,T1)
flexor digitorum superficialis action
flexes wrist joint
flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of middle 4 digits
flexes proximal phalanges
flexor digitorum profundus origin
proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
flexor digitorum profundus insertion
bases of distal phalanges of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th digits
flexor digitorum profundus innervation
lateral part of median nerve (C8,T1)
medial part of ulnar nerve ( C8,T1)
flexor digitorum profundus action
flexes wrist
flexes distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
assists in wrist flexion
flexor pollicis longus origin
anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
flexor pollicis longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of thumb
flexor pollicis longus innervation
anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8,T1)
flexor pollicis longus action
flexes wrist
flexes metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of thumb
pronator quadratus origin
distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
pronator quadratus insertion
distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
pronator quadratus innervation
anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8,T1). Cx.
pronator quadratus action
pronates forearm,
deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
abductor pollicis brevis origin
flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
abductor pollicis brevis insertion
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
abductor pollicis brevis innervation
recurrent branch of median nerve (C8,T1)
abductor pollicis brevis action
abducts thumb
helps oppose it
flexor pollicis brevis origin
superficial head & deep head
flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
flexor pollicis brevis insertion
lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
flexor pollicis brevis innervation
reccurent branch of median nerve (C8,T1)
flexor pollicis brevis action
flexus thumb
opponens pollicis origin
flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
opponens pollicis insertion
lateral side of 1st metacarpal
opponens pollicis innervation
recurrent branch of median nerve (C8,T1)
opponens pollicis action
oppose thumb
it draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates medially
abductor digiti minimi origin
pisiform
abductor digiti minimi insertion
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
abductor digiti minimi innervation
deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
abductor digiti minimi actions
abducts 5th finger
assists flexion of its proximal phalanx
flexor digiti minimi brevis origin
hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion
medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger
flexor digiti minimi brevis innervation
deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
flexor digiti minimi brevis action
flexes proximal phalanx of 5th finger
opponses digiti minimi origin
hook of hamate
flexor retinaculum
opponses digiti minimi insertion
medial border of 5th metacarpal
opponses digiti minimi innervation
deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
opponses digiti minimi action
draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it;
bringing 5th finger into opposition with thumb
Lumbricals (1 and 2) origin
lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Lumbricals (3 and 4) origin
medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Lumbricals insertion
lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-5th fingers
Lumbricals innervation
1 & 2: median nerve (C8,T1)
3 & 4: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
Lumbricals action
flex metacarpophalangeal joints
extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th fingers
dorsal interossei, 1-4 origin
adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals
dorsal interossei, 1-4 insertion
bases of proximal phalanges
extensor expansions of 2nd-4th fingers
dorsal interossei, 1-4 innervation
deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
dorsal interossei, 1-4 action
abduct 2nd-4th fingers from axial line
act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints
palmar interosei (1-3) origin
palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals
palmar interosei (1-3) insertion
bases of proximal phalanges
extensor expansions of 2nd,4th and 5th fingers
palmar interosei (1-3) innervation
deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8,T1)
palmar interosei (1-3) actions
adduct 2nd,4th, and 5th, fingers toward axial line
assists lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints
