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Muscles of Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

muscles of the scapula

A
  • trapezius (upper, lower and middle)
  • levator scapula
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
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2
Q

upper trapezius

OIA

A

O - superior nuchal line, spinous processes of all cervical vertebrae
I - lateral third of clavicle
A- elevate shoulder girdle

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3
Q

middle trapezius

OIA

A

O - borad aponeurosis at T1-T4 spinous processes
I - acromion process
A - retraction of shoulder girdle

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4
Q

lower trapezius

OIA

A 
O - spinous processes of T5-T12
I - scapular spine 
A- superior rotation of scapula
- post tilt of scapula
- upper fibres retract shoulder girdle
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5
Q

levator scapula

OIA

A

O - transverse processes of C1-C4
I - superior angle of scapula
A - inferior rotation scapula

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6
Q

rhomboid major

OI

A

O - spinous processes of T1-T4 vertebrae

I - medial border of scapula (below scapular spine)

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7
Q

actions performed by rhomboid major and minor

A

A - retraction of shoulder girdle

- inferior rotation of scapula

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8
Q

pectoralis minor

OIA

A 
O - 3rd to 5th ribs 
I - coracoid process of scapula
A - protraction of shoulder girdle
- anterior tilt of scapula
- inferior rotation of scapula
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9
Q

serratus anterior

OIA

A

O - 1st through 9th ribs (on lateral side of thorax)
I - deep side of medial border of scapula
A - upper fibres: protraction of shoulder girdle
lower fibres: superior rotation of scapula and posterior tilt of scapula

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10
Q

muscles of the rotator cuff

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
  • deltoid * not a rotator cuff muscle
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11
Q

supraspinatus

OIA

A

O - supraspinous fossa
I - greater tubercle of humerus
A - abduction of GH joint

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12
Q

infraspinatus

OIA

A

O - infraspinous fossa
I - greater tubercle of humerus
A - lateral rotation of GH joint

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13
Q

teres minor

OIA

A

O - lateral border of scapula
I - greater tubercle of humerus
A - lateral rotation of GH joint
- assist with extension and adduction of GH joint

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14
Q

subscapularis

OIA

A

O - subscapular fossa of scapula
I - lesser tubercle of humerus
A - medial rotation of GH joint

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15
Q

anterior deltoid

O, A

A

O - lateral third of clavicle
A - abduction of GH joint
- flexion of GH joint
- medial rotation of GH joint

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16
Q

middle deltoid

O, A

A

O - acromion process

A - abduction of GH joint

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17
Q

posterior deltoid

O, A

A

O - scapular spine
A - abduction of GH
- extension of GH
- lateral rotation of GH

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18
Q

insertion of the deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity on humerus

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19
Q

muscles of the axilla

A

anterior wall: pectoralis major, coracobrachialis

posterior wall: latissimus dorsi, teres major

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20
Q

pectoralis major

OIA

A

O - medial half of clavicle, sternum and 2nd - 6th costal cartilages
I - crest of greater tubercle of humerus
A - cross flexion of GH
- flexion of GH below the 90 degree angle
- extension of GH above 90 degree angle
- medial rotation of GH joint
- adduction of GH joint

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21
Q

actions of coracobrachialis

A

flexion of GH joint

adduction of GH joint

22
Q

latissimus dorsi

OIA

A

O - spinous processes of T7-T12 vertebrae
- thoacolumbar fascia of lumbar vertebrae and sacrum
- posterior third of iliac crest
- inferior angle of scapula
I - floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
A - extension of GH
- medial rotation of GH
- adduction of GH

23
Q

actions of teres major

A

same as latissimus dorsi:

  • extension of GH
  • medial rotation of GH
  • adduction of GH
24
Q

muscles of anterior compartment of the arm

A

biceps brachii

brachialis

25
biceps brachii | OIA
O - long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula short head: coracoid process of scapula I - radial tuberosity A - flexion of elbow (and supination when flexed) - flexion of GH joint - stabilize humeral head during deltoid contraction long head only - abduction and medial rotation of humerus
26
brachialis actions
flexion of elbow
27
muscles of posterior compartment of the arm
triceps brachii | anconeus
28
triceps brachii | OIA
O - long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula medial head: posterior surface of superior humerus lateral head: posterior surface of humerus (inferior to medial head) I - olecranon process of ulna A - extension of elbow - long head: extension and adduction of GH
29
anconeus action
extends elbow and tightens its joint capsule
30
superficial anterior compartment of the forearm
- pronator teres - flexor carpi radialis - palmaris longus - flexor digirotum superficialis - flexor carpi ulnaris
31
pronator teres | OIA
``` O - medial epicondyle of humerus - coronoid process of ulna I - lateral surface of radius (about halfway down) A - pronation of RU joints - some (weak) flexion of elbows ```
32
flexor carpi radialis | OIA
O - medial epicondyle of humerus I - base of 2nd metacarpal A - wrist flexion - radial deviation of wrist
33
palmaris longus | A
wrist flexion tightens palmar aponeurosis for grasping things
34
flexor digitorum superficialis | OIA
O - medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna - anterior border of radius (distal to radial tuberosity) I - sides of middle phalanges of 2nd - 5th digits A - flexion of wrist - flexion of MCP and PIP joints of 2nd-5th digits
35
flexor carpi ulnaris | OIA
``` O - medial epicondyle of humerus - olecranon process of ulna I - pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal A - wrist flexion - ulnar deviation ```
36
muscles of the deep anterior compartment of forearm
- flexor digitorum profundus - flexor pollicis longus - pronator quadratus
37
flexor digitorum profundus | A
A - flexion of MCP and IP joints of 2nd-5th digits
38
flexor pollicis longus | OIA
O - mid anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseus membrane I - palmar surface of distal phalanx of thumb A - opposition of thumb - flexion of MCP and IP joints of thumb
39
pronator quadratus | A
A - pronation of RU joint | - stabilizes distal RU joint
40
muscles of the superficial posterior group of the forearm
- extensor digitorum - extensor carpi ulnaris - extensor digiti minimi
41
extensor digitorum | OIA
O - lateral epicondyle of humerus I - dorsal digital expansion of the 2nd-5th digits A - wrist extension - abduction and extension of MCP and IP joints of 5th digit
42
extensor carpi ulnaris | A
A - extension of wrist | - ulnar deviation
43
extensor digiti minimi | A
A - extension of wrist - ulnar deviation - abduction and extension of MCP and IP joints of 2nd-5th digits
44
muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm
- supinator - abductor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis brevis - extensor indicis
45
supinator | A
A - supinator at RU joint
46
abductor pollicis longus | OIA
O - dorsal surfaces of radius and ulna and interosseus membrane I - base of 1st metacarpal A - abduction of thumb (carpometacarpal ligament)
47
extensor pollicis longus | A
A - adduction of thumb - extension of MCP and IP joints of thumb - radial deviation
48
extensor pollicis brevis | A
A - radial deviation | - extension of MCP and carpometacarpal joints of thumb
49
extensor indicis | A
A - extension of MCP and IP joints of 2nd digit
50
muscles of the radial compartment of forearm
- brachioradialis - extensor carpi radialis longus - extensor carpi radialis brevis
51
bracioradialis | OIA
O - lateral surface of distal humerus I - styloid process of radius A - elbow flexion - semipronation at RU joint
52
extensor carpi radialis longus OIA and action of extensor carpi radialis brevis
O - lateral surface of distal humerus I - dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal A - extension of wrist (assists in gripping things) - radial deviation

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