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MSK 2 > Muscles of the Thigh > Flashcards

Muscles of the Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus Maximus m. Origin

A
  • Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
  • Dorsal surface of sacrum
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
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2
Q

Gluteus Maximus m. Insertion

A
  • IT band

- Gluteal tuberosity

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3
Q

Gluteus Maximus m. Action

A
  • Extension
  • Lateral rotation
  • Rising from seated position
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4
Q

Gluteus Maximus m. Innervation (Nerve and Artery)

A
  • N: Inferior gluteal N (L5-S2)

- A: Superior and Inferior Gluteal A

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5
Q

Gluteus Medius m. Origin

A

-External ilium b/t ant. and post. gluteal lines

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6
Q

Gluteus Medius m. Insertion

A

Lateral surface of greater trochanter

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7
Q

Gluteus Medius m. Action

A
  • Abduct

- Medially rotate thigh

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8
Q

Gluteus Medius m. Innervation (Nerve and Artery)

A
  • N: Superior gluteal N

- A: Superior gluteal A.

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9
Q

Gluteus Minimus m. Origin

A

External ilium b/t anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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10
Q

Gluteus Minimus m. Insertion

A

Anterior surface of greater trochanter

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11
Q

Gluteus Minimus m. Action

A

Abduct and medially rotate thigh

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12
Q

Gluteus Minimus m. Innervation (Nerve and Artery)

A
  • N: Superior gluteal n (L5, S1)

- A: Superior gluteal A

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13
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata m. Origin

A

ASIS, anterior iliac crest

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14
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata m. Insertion

A

IT Tract

Lateral epicondyle of tibia

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15
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata m. Action

A

Abduct
medially rotate thigh
flex thigh
maintain extended leg

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16
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata m. Innervation (Nerve and Artery)

A
  • N: Superior gluteal N (L5, S1)

- A: Lateral circumflex A.

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17
Q

Which muscles abduct and medially rotate the thigh?

A
  1. Gluteus medius m.
  2. Gluteus Minimus m.
  3. Tensor Fascia Latae m.
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18
Q

Which groups laterally rotate and extend/abduct the thigh?

A
  1. Piriformis m.
  2. Obturator Internus m.
  3. Superior Gemelli m.
  4. Inferior Gemelli m.
  5. Quadratus Femoris m.
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19
Q

Which muscles attach to the greater trochanter?

A
  1. Piriformis m. (superior)
  2. Gluteus medius m. (Lateral)
  3. Gluteus minimus m. (anterior)
  4. Obturator externus m. (posterior)
  5. Obturator internus m.
  6. Superior Gemellus m (medial)
  7. Inferior Gemellus m (medial)
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20
Q

Piriformis m. Origin

A
  • Anterior surface of sacrum

- Sacrotuberous ligament

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21
Q

Piriformis m. Insertion

A

Superior border of greater trochanter of femur

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22
Q

Piriformis m. Action

A
  • Laterally rotate extended thigh
  • Abduct flexed thigh
  • Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum
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23
Q

Piriformis m. Innervation

A
  • N to Pisiformis (Ventral Rami S1,2)

- Inferior gluteal A.

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24
Q

Obturator internus m. Origin

A

Pelvic surface of obturator membrane

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25
Q

Obturator internus m. Insertion

A

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

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26
Q

Obturator internus m. Action

A

Laterally rotate extended thigh

Abduct flexed thigh

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27
Q

Obturator internus m. Innervation

A
  • N to Obturator Internus (L5, S1)

- Inferior gluteal A.

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28
Q

What structure passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Tendon of Obturator Internus
P: Pudendal N (enters perineum)
I: Internal Pudendal A
N: N. to Obturator Internus

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29
Q

Superior and Inferior Gemelli m. Origin

A

Superior: Ischial spine
Inferior: Ischial tuberosity

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30
Q

Superior and Inferior Gemelli m. Insertion

A

Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

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31
Q

Superior and Inferior Gemelli m. Action

A
  • Laterally rotate extended thigh

- Abduct flexed thigh

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32
Q

Superior and Inferior Gemelli m. Innervation

A

Superior N: N to obturator Internus
Inferior N: N to Quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

Artery (both): Inferior Gluteal a.

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33
Q

Quadratus Femoris m. Origin

A

Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

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34
Q

Quadratus Femoris m. Insertion

A

intertrochanteric crest on femur

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35
Q

Quadratus Femoris m. Action

A

Laterally rotate thigh

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36
Q

Quadratus Femoris m. Innervation

A
  • N: N. to Quadratus femoris (L5,S1)

- A: Medial circumflex femoral a. and inferior gluteal a

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37
Q

Piriformis Syndrome

A
  • Pathology of Piriformis (spasm, tightening, other pathology), causing irritation of sciatic N.
  • Shooting pain down thigh and back of leg
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38
Q

Which arteries are involved in the cruciate anastomosis?

A
  • Inferior gluteal a.
  • Medial circumflex a.
  • Lateral circumflex a.
  • First perforating branch of the Profundus Femoris a.
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39
Q

What can damage or lesion to the Superior Gluteal N cause? What muscles does it innervate? What is the pathology called and what does it present as?

A
  • Trendelenburg Sign (Duchenne’s Limp)
  • Denervation or weakness of Gluteus Medius and Minimus m.
  • Issues with medially rotating thigh, so your foot drags as you walk and pelvis drips on side opposite to injury
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40
Q

What 7 nerve structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  1. Sciatic N
  2. Superior Gluteal N.
  3. Inferior Gluteal N.
  4. Pudendal N
  5. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous N.
  6. N. to Quadratus Femoris
  7. N to Obturator Internus
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41
Q

What 5 structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen?

A
  1. Tendon of Obturator Internus
    2/3. Internal Pudendal A and V
  2. Pudendal N
  3. N. to obturator Internus
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42
Q

What 3 vessel structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  1. Superior Gluteal A and V
  2. Inferior Gluteal A and V
  3. Internal Pudendal A and V
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43
Q

What muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Piriformis m

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44
Q

What structures pass through both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A
  • Pudendal N
  • N to Obturator Internus
  • Internal Pudendal A and V
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45
Q

What muscles are in the floor of the femoral triangle?

A
  • Iliacus m.
  • Psoas major m.
  • Pectineus m. (medially)
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46
Q

What does the roof of the femoral triangle consist of? (If you were looking from a superior view)

A
  1. Fascia lata (root of femoral triangle)
  2. Cribriform fascia (only in femoral triangle, surrounds NAVEL)
  3. Subcutaneous tissue (fat)
  4. Skin
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47
Q

What is the muscular component of the retroinguinal space?

A

Iliopsoas and femoral N

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48
Q

What is the vascular component of the retroinguinal space?

A
  • Femoral A and V

- Lymph vessels draining the deep inguinal node (located in femoral canal)

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49
Q

What 8 muscles are supplied by the femoral N?

A
  1. Iliacus
  2. Quadriceps Femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
  3. Articularis Genu
  4. Sartorius
  5. Pectineus
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50
Q

What part of the skin does the femoral cutaneous N supply?

A

Anterior thigh and part of the medial thigh

-As the Saphenous N: medial aspect of lower leg and ankle

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51
Q

What is found in the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral A, V, and lymph node

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52
Q

What is found in the femoral canal?

A

Lymphatics (medial to femoral V.)

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53
Q

How would one locate the femoral artery for a pulse?

A

Halfway between the inguinal ligament (runs between anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle), then down roughly 3 cm

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54
Q

What is the femoral ring and why is it important?

A

Superior opening of the femoral canal, within the femoral sheath
-Lymph vessels go through here

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55
Q

Whats the difference between a Femoral Hernia vs. Inguinal Hernia?

A

Femoral Hernia:

  • Women>Men
  • Intestinal loop thru femoral ring
  • Below and lateral to pubic tubercle

Inguinal Hernia

  • Men>Women
  • Above and Medial to pubic tubercle
  • NOT through femoral canal/ring
  • Male (tissue could potentially perforate scrotum.
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56
Q

What is the path of the Great Saphenous V, distal to proximal?

A
  • Dorsum of foot
  • Medial side of leg
  • Medial thigh
  • Through saphenous hiatus
  • Joint of femoral v.
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57
Q

What is the principle artery of the thigh?

A

Deep femoral a.

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58
Q

What are the tributaries of the great saphenous v?

A
  1. External pudendal v.
  2. Superficial circumflex iliac v.
  3. Superficial epigastric v.
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59
Q

Obturator Externus m. Origin

A

Margin of obturator foramen and obturator membrane

60
Q

Obturator Externus m. Insertion

A

Trochanteric fossa of femur

61
Q

Obturator Externus m. Action

A
  • Laterally rotate thigh

- Stabilize femoral head in acetabulum

62
Q

Obturator Externus m. Innervation

A

Obturator N.

63
Q

Psoas Major m. Origin

A

Transverse process of L1-5

64
Q

Psoas Major m. Insertion

A

Lesser trochanter

65
Q

Psoas Major m. Action

A
  • Laterally flex vertebral column
  • Balances and flexes trunk
  • Flex thigh when acting with iliacus
66
Q

Psoas Major m. Innervation

A

Lumbar Plexus L1-3

67
Q

Iliacus m. Origin

A
  • Superior iliac fossa
  • Sacral ala
  • Anterior sacroiliac l.
68
Q

Iliacus m. Insertion

A
  • Lesser trochanter
  • Femoral shaft
  • Psoas Major t.
69
Q

Iliacus m. Action

A
  • Flex thigh

- Stabilize hip joint

70
Q

Iliacus m. Innervation

A

Femoral N

71
Q

Sartorius m. Origin

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

72
Q

Sartorius m. Insertion

A

Medial aspect of proximal tibia (part of pes anserine)

73
Q

Sartorius m. Action

A
  • Flex, aBduct, laterally rotate thigh
  • Flex leg at knee
  • Medially rotate knee when flexed
74
Q

Sartorius m. Innervation

A

Femoral N

75
Q

Rectus Femoris m. Origin

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

76
Q

Rectus Femoris m. Insertion

A
  • Common tendinous (quadriceps tendon)
  • Independent attachments to base of patella
  • Indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
77
Q

Rectus Femoris m. Action

A
  • Extend leg at knee

- Assist iliopsoas m. in thigh flexion

78
Q

Rectus Femoris m. Innervation

A

Femoral N

79
Q

Vastus Lateralis m. Origin

A
  • Greater trochanter

- Lateral lip of linea aspera

80
Q

Vastus Lateralis m. Insertion

A
  • Common tendinous (quadriceps tendon)
  • Independent attachments to base of patella
  • Indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
  • tibia and patella via aponeuroses (lateral patellar retinacula)
81
Q

Vastus Lateralis m. Action

A

Extend leg at knee

82
Q

Vastus Lateralis m. Innervation

A

Femoral N

83
Q

Vastus Intermedius m. Origin

A

Anterior and lateral surface of femur body

84
Q

Vastus Intermedius m. Insertion

A
  • Common tendinous (quadriceps tendon)
  • Independent attachments to base of patella
  • Indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
85
Q

Vastus Intermedius m. Action

A

Extend leg at knee

86
Q

Vastus Intermedius m. Innervation

A

Femoral N

87
Q

Vastus Medialis m. Origin

A
  • Intertrochanteric line

- Medial lip of linea aspera

88
Q

Vastus Medialis m. Insertion

A
  • Common tendinous (quadriceps tendon)
  • Independent attachments to base of patella
  • Indirectly via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
  • Tibia and patella via aponeuroses (medial patellar retinacula)
89
Q

Vastus Medialis m. Action

A

Extend leg at knee

90
Q

Vastus Medialis m. Innervation

A

Femoral n.

91
Q

Articularis Genu m. Origin

A

Anterior surface of distal femur

92
Q

Articularis Genu m. Insertion

A

Articular capsule of knee

93
Q

Articularis Genu m. Action

A

Tightens capsule of knee during leg extension

94
Q

Articularis Genu m. Innervation

A

Femoral n.

95
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

A
  1. Iliacus m.
  2. Psoas Major m.
  3. Sartorius m.
  4. Rectus Femoris m.
  5. Vastus Lateralis m.
  6. Vastus Intermedius m.
  7. Vastus Medialis m.
  8. Articularis Genu m.
96
Q

What are the muscles of the Medial Thigh?

A
  1. Pectineus m.
  2. Adductor longus m.
  3. Adductor Brevis m.
  4. Adductor Magnus m.
  5. Gracilis m.
97
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh?

A
  1. Biceps Femoris (long head, short head)
  2. Semitendinosus m.
  3. Semimembranosus m.
98
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior leg?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior m.
  2. Extensor Hallucis Longus m.
  3. Extensor Digitorum Longus m.
  4. Fibularis Tertius m.
99
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral leg?

A
  1. Fibularis Longus m.

2. Fibularis Brevis m.

100
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior Leg?

A
  1. Gastrocnemius m. (lateral & medial head)
  2. Soleus m.
  3. Plantaris m.
101
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior leg?

A
  1. Popliteus m.
  2. Tibialis Posterior m.
  3. Flexor Hallucis longus m.
  4. Flexor Digitorum Longus m.
102
Q

What are the extensor muscles of the foot?

A
  1. Extensor digitorum brevis m.

2. Extensor Hallucis Brevis m.

103
Q

What are the layer 1 muscles of the foot?

A
  1. ABductor Hallucis m.
  2. Flexor Digitorum Brevis m.
  3. ABductor Digiti Minimi m.
104
Q

What are the layer 2 muscles and tendons of the foot?

A
  1. 1st-4th Lumbrical ms (between tendon of flexor digitorum longus m)
  2. Flexor digitorum longus tendon
  3. Quadratus Plantae M. (attach to tendon of flexor digitorum longus)
  4. Flexor hallucis longus tendon
105
Q

What are the layer 3 muscles of the foot?

A
  1. Flexor Hallucis Brevis m.
  2. Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis m
  3. Adductor Hallucis m. (oblique and transverse head)
106
Q

What are the layer 4 muscles of the foot (deepest)?

A
  1. Plantar interossei m. (1st-3rd)

2. Dorsal interossei m (1st-4th)

107
Q

Pectineus m. Origin

A

Superior pubic ramus

108
Q

Pectineus m. Insertion

A

Pectineal line of femur

109
Q

Pectineus m. Action

A
  • Adduct and flex thigh

- medially rotate flexed knee

110
Q

Pectineus m. Innervation

A

Femoral n.

111
Q

Adductor longus m. Origin

A

Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest

112
Q

Adductor longus m. Insertion

A

Middle 1/3 of linea aspera

113
Q

Adductor longus m. Action

A

Adduct thigh

114
Q

Adductor longus m. Innervation

A

Anterior division of obturator N.

115
Q

Adductor brevis m. Origin

A

Body and inferior pubic ramus

116
Q

Adductor brevis m. Insertion

A

Pectineal line and proximal linea aspera

117
Q

Adductor brevis m. Action

A
  • Adduct thigh

- Assist in thigh flexion

118
Q

Adductor brevis m. Innervation

A

Anterior division of Obturator N.

119
Q

Adductor Magnus m. Origin

A
  • Ischiopubic ramus

- Ischial tuberosity

120
Q

Adductor Magnus m. Insertion

A
  • Gluteal tuberosity
  • Linea aspera
  • Medial supracondylar line
  • Adductor tubercle
121
Q

Adductor Magnus m. Action

A
  • Whole muscle: adduct thigh
  • Upper fiber: flex thigh
  • Lower fiber: extend thigh
122
Q

Adductor Magnus m. Innervation

A
  • Upper fiber: posterior division of obturator n.

- Lower fiber: tibial division sciatic n.

123
Q

Gracilis m. Origin

A

Inferior pubic ramus and body of pubis

124
Q

Gracilis m. Insertion

A

Medial aspect of tibial head

125
Q

Gracilis m. Action

A
  • Adduct thigh
  • Assist in medial leg rotation @ knee
  • Flex leg
126
Q

Gracilis m. Innervation

A

Anterior division of obturator n.

127
Q

Biceps Femoris, long head m. Origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

128
Q

Biceps Femoris, long head m. Insertion

A

Lateral aspect of fibular head

129
Q

Biceps Femoris, long head m. Action

A
  • Flex and laterally rotate leg when flexed (both)

- Extend thigh

130
Q

Biceps Femoris, long head m. Innervation

A

Tibial division of sciatic n.

131
Q

Biceps Femoris, short head m. Origin

A

Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line

132
Q

Biceps Femoris, short head m. Insertion

A

lateral aspect of fibular head

133
Q

Biceps Femoris, short head m. Action

A

Flex and laterally rotate leg

134
Q

Biceps Femoris, short head m. Innervation

A

common fibular division of sciatic n

135
Q

Semitendinosus m. Origin and insertion

A

Ischial tuberosity and inserts on Medial aspect of tibia head (pes anserinus)

136
Q

Semitendinosus m. Innervation

A

tibial N (L4-S3)

137
Q

Semitendinosus m. Action

A
  • Extend thigh

- Flex and medially rotate leg when flexed

138
Q

Semimembranosis m. Origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

139
Q

Semimembranosis m. Insertion

A

Posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle

140
Q

Semimembranosis m. Action

A
  • Extend thigh

- Flex and medially rotate leg when flexed

141
Q

Semimembranosis m. Innervation

A

Tibial division of sciatic n.

142
Q

Which vascular supply is commonly used in a CABG? Why?

A

Great Saphenous Vein (superficial)

  • longest and largest superficial vein in the body
  • contains a higher % of muscular and elastic fibers
  • vein lies primarily in the subQ tissue so it’s easy to harvest
143
Q

Describe the pathway of an indirect inguinal hernia

A
  • Hernial sac descends through the femoral canal within the femoral sheath, pushing the femoral septum before it.
  • Exits the lower end of the canal, it expands to form a large globular swelling in the thigh deep to the deep fascia (femoral hernia)
144
Q

Describe the pathway and appearance of a direct inguinal hernia

A

hernial sac that bulged anteriorly through the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, producing the swelling in the upper thigh (superior to inguinal l.)

145
Q

Where does lymph from the appendix flow?

A

superior mesenteric nodes

MSK 2 (6 decks)

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