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ANA 152 > Muscles of the lower limb > Flashcards

Muscles of the lower limb Flashcards

Muscles of the gluteal region

1
Q

how many muscles are in the superficial group of the gluteal region

A

4

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2
Q

How many innervations are found in the gluteal region

A

5

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3
Q

List the innervations that are found in the gluteal region and the muscles that they each innovate

A
  • Superior gluteal nerve (Gluteus medius & minimus + TFL)
  • Inferior gluteal nerve (Gluteus maximus ONLY)
  • Nerve to piriformis (Piriformis muscle)
  • Nerve to Obturator internus (Obturatus internus & Superior gemullus)
  • Nerve to Quadratus femoris (Quadratus femoris & Inferior gemullus)
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4
Q

Quick People Go On Go On
(Lateral rotators)

A

Quadratus Femoris
Piriformis
Superior Gemullus
Obturator Internus
Inferior Gemullus

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5
Q

List the superfical group of muscles in the gluteal region

A
  • Glutes maximus
  • Glutes medius
  • Glutes minimus
  • Tensor fasciae lata
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6
Q

How many muscles are in the deep group of the gluteal region

A

5

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7
Q

List the deep group of muscles in the gluteal region

A
  • Piriformis
  • Obturator internus
  • Superior gemellus
  • Inferior gemellus
  • Quadratus femoris
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8
Q

What is the collective name for then deep group of muscles in the gluteal region

A

Lateral rotators

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9
Q

Which fibres of the gluteus maximus are lateral rotators

A

The deep fibres

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10
Q

Where on the human body is gluteal region

A

The gluteal region lays posterolaterally to the bony pelvis and proximal to the femur

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11
Q

What after the three main functions of the gluteal muscles

A
  • abduction of femur
  • extension of femur
  • lateral rotation of femur
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12
Q

How does the gluteal region communicate anteromedially

A
  • The gluteal region communicates anteromedially to the pelvis through the greater sciatic foremen.
  • The gluteal region communicates to the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen.
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13
Q

How does the gluteal region communicate inferiorly

A

The gluteal region is inferiorly continuous with the posterior thigh

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14
Q

List the regions that the muscles of the lower extremities are divided into

A
  • Muscles of gluteal/hip regions

Muscles of the free limb:
- Muscles of the thigh (femur)
- Muscles of the lower leg
- Muscles of the foot

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15
Q

Which quadrant of the glutes is the safest for injections

A

The Upper Lateral quadrant

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16
Q

What is the origin of gluteus maximus muscle

A
  • ILIUM behind posterior gluteal line
  • Dorsal surface of lower sacrum
  • External surface of sacrotuberous ligament
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17
Q

Why is the gluteal region known as a gateway

A

The gluteal region is a gateway because there are structures in this region that travel from the glutes to other areas in the body.

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18
Q

What is the origin of gluteus maximus muscle

A
  • Ilium, behind posterior gluteal line
    • Dorsal surface of lower sacrum
    • External surface of Sacrotuberous ligament
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19
Q

Where is the insertion point of the gluteus maximus

A
  • Illiotibial tract
  • gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur
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20
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus

A
  • Extension of** flexed** thigh
  • Lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh
  • However, it is only used when force is required, such as running or climbing.
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21
Q

What innovates is the gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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22
Q

Which daily activity is impacted with the weakening of the gluteus maximus usually in older patients

A

The ability to stand up without any assistance

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23
Q

What is the total number of muscles in the gluteal region

A

7

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24
Q

How many muscles are in the gluteal region

A

9

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25
Q

Go Max Go Med Go Min Take first lane

A

Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Tensor Fasciae Lata

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26
Q

Where does the obturator interns muscles lay in relation to the other lateral rotators

A

It lays in between the 2 gemilli

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27
Q

List the ligaments found in the gluteal region

A

Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrospinous ligament

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28
Q

List the foremen in the gluteal region

A

Greater sciatic foreman
Lesser sciatic foreman

29
Q

How many muscles does the interior gluteal nerve innovate. Name the muscle (s)

A

One

Gluteus maximus

30
Q

The gluteal maximus is known as the main of the joint

A

Extensor
Hip

31
Q

What prevents hyper extension of the hip joint

A

Illiofemoral ligament

32
Q

Everyday uses of the gluteus maximus muscle

A

Walking up stairs
Standing up

33
Q

How is the iliotibial tract formed

A

Thickened lateral part of the deep fascia of the thigh

34
Q

What is the bony attachment of the upper end of the iliotibial tract

A

Tubercle of the outer lip of the iliac crest

35
Q

What is as the bony attachment of the lower end of the iliotibial tract

A

Anterior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia

36
Q

Name the 2 muscles that attach to the iliotibial tract

A

Tensor fasciae late
Superior 3/4 of the gluteus maximus

37
Q

What is the function of the iliotibial tract

A
  • Fixes the femur on the tibia during standing to maintain the erect position
  • Helps in extension of the one joint
38
Q

Which gluteal muscles are the abductors and medial rotators

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fasciae lata
39
Q

The gluteal nerve innovates this three muscles: gluteus medius, minimus and tfl

A

Superior gluteal nerve

40
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus medius

A

External surface of ilium, between anterior & posterior gluteal lines

41
Q

Where is the insertion of the gluteus medius

A

Lateral surface of greater trochanter

42
Q

What is the action of the gluteus medius

A
  • Abducts femur @ hip joint
    • Medial rotates femur
    • Keeps pelvis level during walking phase
43
Q

What innovates of the gluteus medius

A

Superior gluteal nerve

44
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus

A

External surface of ilium, between anterior & inferior gluteal lines

45
Q

Where is the insertion point of the gluteus minimus

A

Antero-lateral aspect of greater trochanter

46
Q

What is the action of the gluteus minimus

A
  • Abducts femur @ hip joint
    • Medial rotates femur
    • Keeps pelvis level during walking phase
47
Q

What innovates the gluteus minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve

48
Q

Which 2 muscles attach onto the greater trochanter of the femur

A

Gluteus Medius and Minimus

49
Q

How is it possible for the glut. med and min to medially rotate the thigh while being located posteriorly

A

When a cartesian plane is draw across the hip joint, you can clearly see that the glut. med and min are in the first quadrant (the front) hence they are able to medially rotate the thigh

50
Q

Which 2 muscles function to keep the pelvis level during walking phase

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus

51
Q

The function of the gluteus medius and minimus muscle is

A

The stabilization of the pelvis

52
Q

The Trendelburg test is done to test which muscles

A

Gluteus medius & minimus

53
Q

The Trendelburg test is done to test the damage of which vessel

A

Damage to superior gluteal nerve

54
Q

The loss of which function calls for the Trendelburg test

A

Loss of abductor function of gluteus medius & minimus

55
Q

How does the Trendelburg test prove the damage to superior gluteal nerve

A

The pelvis tilting down when supporting the body on the affected side.

56
Q

How is the Trendelburg test performed

A

Test by having patient stand on one leg
Pelvis sags on contralateral side (non-weightbearing) when standing on affected side

57
Q

Which side contracts when left leg is lifted

A

The right side

58
Q

Which side contracts when right leg is lifted

A

The left side

59
Q
A
60
Q

How many lateral rotators are in the gluteal region

A

7

61
Q

List the gluteal muscles that laterally rotates the hip joint

A
  • Piriformis
  • Superior gemullus
  • Inferior gemullus
    -Quadratus femoris
    -Obturator internus
    -Gluteus maximus
62
Q

What are the innervations of the lateral rotators

A
  • Nerve to piriformis
  • Nerve to obturator internus
    -Nerve to quadratus fermoris
63
Q

Which muscle is the most superior of the deep gluteal muscles

A

The Piriformis muscle

64
Q

Where does the piriformis muscle start and where does it travel

A

Starts in pelvis, through greater sciatic foramen to gluteal region

65
Q

What is the origin of the piriformis muscle

A

Anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina

66
Q

What is the insertion point of the piriformis muscle

A

Medial side of greater trochanter of femur

67
Q

What is the action of the piriformis muscle

A
  • Laterally rotates extended femur
    • Abducts flexed femur @ hip joint
68
Q

What innovates the piriformis muscle

A

Nerve to piriformis

ANA 152 (3 decks)

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