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CBS602 LL I: Hip, Thigh and Knee > Muscles of the Hip, Thigh and Knee > Flashcards

Muscles of the Hip, Thigh and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What is flexion of the hip?

A

Flexion is the movement of bringing the thigh closer to the abdomen, typically occurring when raising the leg forward.

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2
Q

Describe extension of the hip.

A

Extension is the movement that straightens the hip, moving the thigh backward, such as when standing up from a sitting position.

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3
Q

What does abduction of the hip involve?

A

Abduction involves moving the thigh away from the midline of the body, such as when lifting the leg to the side.

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4
Q

Describe adduction of the hip.

A

Adduction is the movement that brings the thigh back toward the midline of the body, such as lowering the leg back down from an abducted position.

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5
Q

What is medial rotation of the hip?

A

Medial rotation (or internal rotation) is the movement that turns the thigh inward, toward the midline of the body.

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6
Q

Describe lateral rotation of the hip.

A

Lateral rotation (or external rotation) is the movement that turns the thigh outward, away from the midline of the body.

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7
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial layer of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

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8
Q

Name the muscles in the deep layer of the gluteal region.

A

Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris

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9
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

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10
Q

List the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh.

A

Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Obturator externus

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11
Q

What muscles are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

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12
Q

What are the two main muscle groups in the thigh?

A

Quadriceps femoris (anterior compartment)
Hamstrings (posterior compartment)

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13
Q

What is the fascia lata?

A

The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh that encases the muscles and separates them into compartments.

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14
Q

What are the primary functions of the fascia lata?

A

Separates muscles into compartments
Increases contraction efficiency
Aids in venous return

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15
Q

Name the septa formed by the fascia lata.

A

Lateral intermuscular septum
Medial intermuscular septum
Posterior intermuscular septum

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16
Q

What is the iliotibial tract/band?

A

The iliotibial tract is a lateral thickening in the fascia lata that runs from the iliac tubercle to Gerdy’s tubercle on the lateral tibia.

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17
Q

What is the role of the iliotibial tract?

A

The iliotibial tract stabilizes both the knee and hip during movement and has indirect actions via the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata.

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18
Q

What is the origin of the piriformis muscle?

A

The piriformis originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum.

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19
Q

Where does the piriformis muscle insert?

A

The piriformis inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur.

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20
Q

What are the actions of the piriformis muscle?

A

The piriformis facilitates hip lateral rotation and abduction (when the hip is flexed).

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the piriformis muscle?

A

The piriformis is innervated by the anterior rami of S1 and S2.

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22
Q

What are the origins of the superior and inferior gemelli muscles?

A

Superior gemellus: Ischial spine
Inferior gemellus: Ischial tuberosity

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23
Q

Where do the gemelli muscles insert?

A

Both gemelli insert at the trochanteric fossa via the tendon of the obturator internus.

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24
Q

What actions do the gemelli muscles perform?

A

The gemelli muscles assist in hip lateral rotation and abduction (when the hip is flexed).

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25
What is the innervation of the gemelli muscles?
The gemelli are innervated by the same nerves as the muscle directly inferior to them (the quadratus femoris)
26
What is a common action of the deep layer of gluteal muscles?
The common action of the deep layer of gluteal muscles is hip lateral rotation.
27
What is the origin of the obturator internus muscle?
The obturator internus originates from the obturator membrane and adjacent bone.
28
Where does the obturator internus insert?
The obturator internus inserts at the trochanteric fossa of the femur.
29
What actions does the obturator internus perform?
The obturator internus facilitates hip lateral rotation and abduction (when the hip is flexed).
30
What is the innervation of the obturator internus?
The obturator internus is innervated by the nerve to obturator internus.
31
What is the origin of the quadratus femoris muscle?
The quadratus femoris originates from the ischial tuberosity.
32
Where does the quadratus femoris insert?
The quadratus femoris inserts at the quadrate tubercle of the femur.
33
What action does the quadratus femoris perform?
The quadratus femoris is responsible for hip lateral rotation.
34
What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?
The quadratus femoris is innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris.
35
What is a common action of the deep layer of gluteal muscles?
The common action of the deep layer of gluteal muscles is hip lateral rotation.
36
What is the origin of the gluteus maximus muscle?
The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and the sacrotuberous ligament.
37
Where does the gluteus maximus insert?
The gluteus maximus inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.
38
What actions does the gluteus maximus perform?
The gluteus maximus is responsible for hip extension and lateral rotation.
39
What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?
The gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.
40
What is the origin of the gluteus medius muscle?
The gluteus medius originates from the posterior ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines.
41
Where does the gluteus medius insert?
The gluteus medius inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur.
42
What actions does the gluteus medius perform?
The gluteus medius facilitates hip abduction and medial rotation (anterior fibers).
43
What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?
The gluteus medius is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
44
What is the origin of the gluteus minimus muscle?
The gluteus minimus originates from the posterior ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.
45
Where does the gluteus minimus insert?
The gluteus minimus inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur
46
What actions does the gluteus minimus perform?
The gluteus minimus is responsible for hip abduction and medial rotation (anterior fibers).
47
What is the innervation of the gluteus minimus?
The gluteus minimus is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
48
What is the origin of the tensor fascia lata muscle?
The tensor fascia lata originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and the iliac crest.
49
Where does the tensor fascia lata insert?
The tensor fascia lata inserts into the iliotibial tract (lateral tibia).
50
What actions does the tensor fascia lata perform?
The tensor fascia lata stabilizes the hip and knee joints.
51
What is the innervation of the tensor fascia lata?
The tensor fascia lata is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.
52
What clinical significance is associated with the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles?
The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus keep the pelvis level when the opposite leg is elevated. Paralysis of these muscles can result in a Trendelenburg sign (pelvic drop).
53
What are the two components of the iliopsoas muscle, and what are their origins?
Iliacus: Originates from the iliac fossa. Psoas major: Originates from the transverse processes of L1-5, intervertebral discs, and vertebral bodies of T12 - L5.
54
Where does the iliopsoas insert?
The iliopsoas inserts via a common tendon on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
55
What is the primary action of the iliopsoas muscle?
The primary action of the iliopsoas is hip flexion.
56
What is the innervation of the psoas major muscle?
The psoas major is innervated by the anterior rami of L1-3.
57
What is the common innervation for the anterior compartment of the thigh?
The common innervation for the anterior compartment is the femoral nerve.
58
What is the origin of the pectineus muscle?
The pectineus originates from the superior pubic ramus.
59
Where does the pectineus insert?
The pectineus inserts at the posterior proximal femur.
60
What actions does the pectineus perform?
The pectineus facilitates hip flexion, adduction, and medial rotation
61
What is the innervation of the pectineus muscle?
The pectineus is primarily innervated by the femoral nerve, but in 20% of people, it is also innervated by the obturator nerve.
62
What are the two heads of the rectus femoris, and what are their origins?
Straight head: Originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine. Reflected head: Originates from the superior acetabulum.
63
Where does the rectus femoris insert?
The rectus femoris inserts into the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon.
64
What actions does the rectus femoris perform?
The rectus femoris is responsible for hip flexion and knee extension.
65
What is the common innervation for the rectus femoris?
The rectus femoris is innervated by the femoral nerve.
66
What is the origin of the sartorius muscle?
The sartorius originates from the anterior superior iliac spine.
67
Where does the sartorius insert?
The sartorius inserts at the medial tibia (Pes anserinus).
68
What actions does the sartorius perform?
The sartorius facilitates hip flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation, as well as knee flexion (often associated with the action of crossing the legs).
69
What is the common innervation for the sartorius?
The sartorius is also innervated by the femoral nerve.
70
What is the origin of the vastus lateralis muscle?
The vastus lateralis originates from the greater trochanter and the lateral lip of the linea aspera.
71
Where does the vastus lateralis insert?
The vastus lateralis inserts into the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon, and it also inserts directly onto the patella and tibia via the lateral patellar retinaculum.
72
What is the origin of the vastus medialis muscle?
The vastus medialis originates from the medial lip of the linea aspera.
73
Where does the vastus medialis insert?
The vastus medialis inserts into the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon, and it also inserts directly onto the patella and tibia via the medial patellar retinaculum.
74
What is the origin of the vastus intermedius muscle?
The vastus intermedius originates from the anterolateral surface of the femur.
75
Where does the vastus intermedius insert?
The vastus intermedius inserts into the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon.
76
What is the common action of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius muscles?
The common action is knee extension
77
What is the common innervation for the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius muscles?
The common innervation is the femoral nerve
78
What is the origin of the gracilis muscle?
The gracilis originates from the body of the pubis and the inferior pubic ramus.
79
Where does the gracilis insert?
The gracilis inserts at the medial tibia (Pes anserinus).
80
What actions does the gracilis perform?
The gracilis facilitates hip adduction and knee flexion.
81
What is the origin of the obturator externus muscle?
The obturator externus originates from the obturator membrane and adjacent bone.
82
Where does the obturator externus insert?
The obturator externus inserts at the trochanteric fossa of the femur.
83
What action does the obturator externus perform?
The obturator externus facilitates hip lateral rotation.
84
What is the common innervation for the medial compartment of the thigh?
The common innervation is the obturator nerve.
85
What is the origin of the adductor brevis muscle?
The adductor brevis originates from the body of the pubis and the inferior pubic ramus.
86
Where does the adductor brevis insert?
The adductor brevis inserts on the upper one-third of the linea aspera.
87
What is the origin of the adductor longus muscle?
The adductor longus originates from the body of the pubis.
88
Where does the adductor longus insert?
The adductor longus inserts on the middle one-third of the linea aspera.
89
What are the two parts of the adductor magnus, and what are their origins?
Adductor part: Originates from the ischiopubic ramus. Hamstring part: Originates from the ischial tuberosity.
90
Where does the adductor magnus insert?
Adductor part: Inserts on the linea aspera and medial supracondylar line. Hamstring part: Inserts at the adductor tubercle.
91
What are the common actions of the adductor muscles (brevis, longus, and magnus)?
The common actions are hip adduction and weak hip flexion. The hamstring part of the adductor magnus also contributes to hip extension.
92
What is the common innervation for the medial compartment of the thigh?
The common innervation is the obturator nerve, while the hamstring part of the adductor magnus is innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve.
93
What is the origin of the semitendinosus muscle?
The semitendinosus originates from the ischial tuberosity.
94
Where does the semitendinosus insert?
The semitendinosus inserts on the medial tibia (Pes anserinus).
95
What is the origin of the semimembranosus muscle?
The semimembranosus originates from the ischial tuberosity.
96
Where does the semimembranosus insert?
The semimembranosus inserts on the medial tibial condyle.
97
What are the origins of the biceps femoris muscle?
Long head: Ischial tuberosity Short head: Lateral lip of the linea aspera.
98
Where does the biceps femoris insert?
The biceps femoris inserts at the head of the fibula
99
What are the common actions of the hamstring muscles?
The common actions are knee flexion and hip extension.
100
What is the common innervation for the hamstring muscles?
The common innervation is the tibial division of the sciatic nerve. The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by the common fibular part.

CBS602 LL I: Hip, Thigh and Knee (3 decks)

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