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CBS602 LL I: Hip, Thigh and Knee > Muscles of the Hip, Thigh and Knee > Flashcards

Muscles of the Hip, Thigh and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What is flexion of the hip?

A

Flexion is the movement of bringing the thigh closer to the abdomen, typically occurring when raising the leg forward.

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2
Q

Describe extension of the hip.

A

Extension is the movement that straightens the hip, moving the thigh backward, such as when standing up from a sitting position.

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3
Q

What does abduction of the hip involve?

A

Abduction involves moving the thigh away from the midline of the body, such as when lifting the leg to the side.

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4
Q

Describe adduction of the hip.

A

Adduction is the movement that brings the thigh back toward the midline of the body, such as lowering the leg back down from an abducted position.

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5
Q

What is medial rotation of the hip?

A

Medial rotation (or internal rotation) is the movement that turns the thigh inward, toward the midline of the body.

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6
Q

Describe lateral rotation of the hip.

A

Lateral rotation (or external rotation) is the movement that turns the thigh outward, away from the midline of the body.

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7
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial layer of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

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8
Q

Name the muscles in the deep layer of the gluteal region.

A

Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Quadratus femoris

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9
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

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10
Q

List the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh.

A

Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Obturator externus

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11
Q

What muscles are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

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12
Q

What are the two main muscle groups in the thigh?

A

Quadriceps femoris (anterior compartment)
Hamstrings (posterior compartment)

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13
Q

What is the fascia lata?

A

The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh that encases the muscles and separates them into compartments.

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14
Q

What are the primary functions of the fascia lata?

A

Separates muscles into compartments
Increases contraction efficiency
Aids in venous return

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15
Q

Name the septa formed by the fascia lata.

A

Lateral intermuscular septum
Medial intermuscular septum
Posterior intermuscular septum

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16
Q

What is the iliotibial tract/band?

A

The iliotibial tract is a lateral thickening in the fascia lata that runs from the iliac tubercle to Gerdy’s tubercle on the lateral tibia.

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17
Q

What is the role of the iliotibial tract?

A

The iliotibial tract stabilizes both the knee and hip during movement and has indirect actions via the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata.

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18
Q

What is the origin of the piriformis muscle?

A

The piriformis originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum.

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19
Q

Where does the piriformis muscle insert?

A

The piriformis inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur.

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20
Q

What are the actions of the piriformis muscle?

A

The piriformis facilitates hip lateral rotation and abduction (when the hip is flexed).

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21
Q

What is the innervation of the piriformis muscle?

A

The piriformis is innervated by the anterior rami of S1 and S2.

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22
Q

What are the origins of the superior and inferior gemelli muscles?

A

Superior gemellus: Ischial spine
Inferior gemellus: Ischial tuberosity

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23
Q

Where do the gemelli muscles insert?

A

Both gemelli insert at the trochanteric fossa via the tendon of the obturator internus.

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24
Q

What actions do the gemelli muscles perform?

A

The gemelli muscles assist in hip lateral rotation and abduction (when the hip is flexed).

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25
Q

What is the innervation of the gemelli muscles?

A

The gemelli are innervated by the same nerves as the muscle directly inferior to them (the quadratus femoris)

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26
Q

What is a common action of the deep layer of gluteal muscles?

A

The common action of the deep layer of gluteal muscles is hip lateral rotation.

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27
Q

What is the origin of the obturator internus muscle?

A

The obturator internus originates from the obturator membrane and adjacent bone.

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28
Q

Where does the obturator internus insert?

A

The obturator internus inserts at the trochanteric fossa of the femur.

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29
Q

What actions does the obturator internus perform?

A

The obturator internus facilitates hip lateral rotation and abduction (when the hip is flexed).

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator internus?

A

The obturator internus is innervated by the nerve to obturator internus.

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31
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus femoris muscle?

A

The quadratus femoris originates from the ischial tuberosity.

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32
Q

Where does the quadratus femoris insert?

A

The quadratus femoris inserts at the quadrate tubercle of the femur.

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33
Q

What action does the quadratus femoris perform?

A

The quadratus femoris is responsible for hip lateral rotation.

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34
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?

A

The quadratus femoris is innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris.

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35
Q

What is a common action of the deep layer of gluteal muscles?

A

The common action of the deep layer of gluteal muscles is hip lateral rotation.

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36
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus muscle?

A

The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and the sacrotuberous ligament.

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37
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

A

The gluteus maximus inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.

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38
Q

What actions does the gluteus maximus perform?

A

The gluteus maximus is responsible for hip extension and lateral rotation.

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39
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A

The gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.

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40
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus medius muscle?

A

The gluteus medius originates from the posterior ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines.

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41
Q

Where does the gluteus medius insert?

A

The gluteus medius inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur.

42
Q

What actions does the gluteus medius perform?

A

The gluteus medius facilitates hip abduction and medial rotation (anterior fibers).

43
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?

A

The gluteus medius is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

44
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus muscle?

A

The gluteus minimus originates from the posterior ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines.

45
Q

Where does the gluteus minimus insert?

A

The gluteus minimus inserts at the greater trochanter of the femur

46
Q

What actions does the gluteus minimus perform?

A

The gluteus minimus is responsible for hip abduction and medial rotation (anterior fibers).

47
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus minimus?

A

The gluteus minimus is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

48
Q

What is the origin of the tensor fascia lata muscle?

A

The tensor fascia lata originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and the iliac crest.

49
Q

Where does the tensor fascia lata insert?

A

The tensor fascia lata inserts into the iliotibial tract (lateral tibia).

50
Q

What actions does the tensor fascia lata perform?

A

The tensor fascia lata stabilizes the hip and knee joints.

51
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor fascia lata?

A

The tensor fascia lata is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

52
Q

What clinical significance is associated with the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles?

A

The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus keep the pelvis level when the opposite leg is elevated. Paralysis of these muscles can result in a Trendelenburg sign (pelvic drop).

53
Q

What are the two components of the iliopsoas muscle, and what are their origins?

A

Iliacus: Originates from the iliac fossa.
Psoas major: Originates from the transverse processes of L1-5, intervertebral discs, and vertebral bodies of T12 - L5.

54
Q

Where does the iliopsoas insert?

A

The iliopsoas inserts via a common tendon on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

55
Q

What is the primary action of the iliopsoas muscle?

A

The primary action of the iliopsoas is hip flexion.

56
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas major muscle?

A

The psoas major is innervated by the anterior rami of L1-3.

57
Q

What is the common innervation for the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

The common innervation for the anterior compartment is the femoral nerve.

58
Q

What is the origin of the pectineus muscle?

A

The pectineus originates from the superior pubic ramus.

59
Q

Where does the pectineus insert?

A

The pectineus inserts at the posterior proximal femur.

60
Q

What actions does the pectineus perform?

A

The pectineus facilitates hip flexion, adduction, and medial rotation

61
Q

What is the innervation of the pectineus muscle?

A

The pectineus is primarily innervated by the femoral nerve, but in 20% of people, it is also innervated by the obturator nerve.

62
Q

What are the two heads of the rectus femoris, and what are their origins?

A

Straight head: Originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine.
Reflected head: Originates from the superior acetabulum.

63
Q

Where does the rectus femoris insert?

A

The rectus femoris inserts into the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon.

64
Q

What actions does the rectus femoris perform?

A

The rectus femoris is responsible for hip flexion and knee extension.

65
Q

What is the common innervation for the rectus femoris?

A

The rectus femoris is innervated by the femoral nerve.

66
Q

What is the origin of the sartorius muscle?

A

The sartorius originates from the anterior superior iliac spine.

67
Q

Where does the sartorius insert?

A

The sartorius inserts at the medial tibia (Pes anserinus).

68
Q

What actions does the sartorius perform?

A

The sartorius facilitates hip flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation, as well as knee flexion (often associated with the action of crossing the legs).

69
Q

What is the common innervation for the sartorius?

A

The sartorius is also innervated by the femoral nerve.

70
Q

What is the origin of the vastus lateralis muscle?

A

The vastus lateralis originates from the greater trochanter and the lateral lip of the linea aspera.

71
Q

Where does the vastus lateralis insert?

A

The vastus lateralis inserts into the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon, and it also inserts directly onto the patella and tibia via the lateral patellar retinaculum.

72
Q

What is the origin of the vastus medialis muscle?

A

The vastus medialis originates from the medial lip of the linea aspera.

73
Q

Where does the vastus medialis insert?

A

The vastus medialis inserts into the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon, and it also inserts directly onto the patella and tibia via the medial patellar retinaculum.

74
Q

What is the origin of the vastus intermedius muscle?

A

The vastus intermedius originates from the anterolateral surface of the femur.

75
Q

Where does the vastus intermedius insert?

A

The vastus intermedius inserts into the patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon.

76
Q

What is the common action of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius muscles?

A

The common action is knee extension

77
Q

What is the common innervation for the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius muscles?

A

The common innervation is the femoral nerve

78
Q

What is the origin of the gracilis muscle?

A

The gracilis originates from the body of the pubis and the inferior pubic ramus.

79
Q

Where does the gracilis insert?

A

The gracilis inserts at the medial tibia (Pes anserinus).

80
Q

What actions does the gracilis perform?

A

The gracilis facilitates hip adduction and knee flexion.

81
Q

What is the origin of the obturator externus muscle?

A

The obturator externus originates from the obturator membrane and adjacent bone.

82
Q

Where does the obturator externus insert?

A

The obturator externus inserts at the trochanteric fossa of the femur.

83
Q

What action does the obturator externus perform?

A

The obturator externus facilitates hip lateral rotation.

84
Q

What is the common innervation for the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

The common innervation is the obturator nerve.

85
Q

What is the origin of the adductor brevis muscle?

A

The adductor brevis originates from the body of the pubis and the inferior pubic ramus.

86
Q

Where does the adductor brevis insert?

A

The adductor brevis inserts on the upper one-third of the linea aspera.

87
Q

What is the origin of the adductor longus muscle?

A

The adductor longus originates from the body of the pubis.

88
Q

Where does the adductor longus insert?

A

The adductor longus inserts on the middle one-third of the linea aspera.

89
Q

What are the two parts of the adductor magnus, and what are their origins?

A

Adductor part: Originates from the ischiopubic ramus.
Hamstring part: Originates from the ischial tuberosity.

90
Q

Where does the adductor magnus insert?

A

Adductor part: Inserts on the linea aspera and medial supracondylar line.
Hamstring part: Inserts at the adductor tubercle.

91
Q

What are the common actions of the adductor muscles (brevis, longus, and magnus)?

A

The common actions are hip adduction and weak hip flexion. The hamstring part of the adductor magnus also contributes to hip extension.

92
Q

What is the common innervation for the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

The common innervation is the obturator nerve, while the hamstring part of the adductor magnus is innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve.

93
Q

What is the origin of the semitendinosus muscle?

A

The semitendinosus originates from the ischial tuberosity.

94
Q

Where does the semitendinosus insert?

A

The semitendinosus inserts on the medial tibia (Pes anserinus).

95
Q

What is the origin of the semimembranosus muscle?

A

The semimembranosus originates from the ischial tuberosity.

96
Q

Where does the semimembranosus insert?

A

The semimembranosus inserts on the medial tibial condyle.

97
Q

What are the origins of the biceps femoris muscle?

A

Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short head: Lateral lip of the linea aspera.

98
Q

Where does the biceps femoris insert?

A

The biceps femoris inserts at the head of the fibula

99
Q

What are the common actions of the hamstring muscles?

A

The common actions are knee flexion and hip extension.

100
Q

What is the common innervation for the hamstring muscles?

A

The common innervation is the tibial division of the sciatic nerve. The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by the common fibular part.

CBS602 LL I: Hip, Thigh and Knee (3 decks)

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