Muscles of the head and neck

Question 1

Muscles of mastication

Answer 1

-Temporalis muscle
-Masseter muscle
-Buccinator
-Lateral and medial pterygoid

Question 2

Temporalis

Answer 2

-Origin = Faucet temporalis on the temporal fossa
-Inserts at the coronoid process on the ramus of the mandible
-Its action is to help elevate the mandible

Question 3

Masseter

Answer 3

-Origin = zygomatic bone
-Inserts at the ramus of the
-Helps elevate the mandible

Question 4

Buccinator

Answer 4

-Helps to compress the contents of the cheek and move the food towards the middle for chewing

Question 5

Muscles of facial expression

Answer 5

-Galea aponeurotica muscle
-Orbicularis oculi
-Occipital frontalis
-Levator labii superioris
-Zygomaticus minor and major
-Risorius
-Depressor anguli oris
-Depressor labii inferioris
-Mentalis
-Orbicularis oris

Question 6

Galea aponeurotica

Answer 6

-Connects the frontal belly with the occipital belly

Question 7

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 7

-Allows for the squinting and blinking action of the eye to occur

Question 8

Occipital frontalis

Answer 8

-Pulls the eyebrow up

Question 9

Levator labii superioris

Answer 9

-Elevates the upper lip

Question 10

Zygomaticus minor + major

Answer 10

-Pulls the upper lip upwards and backwards to assist the zygomaticus major which draws the angle of the mouth upwards and backwards for smiling

Question 11

Risorius

Answer 11

-Pulls the corner of the mouth laterally
-This helps with the face of grimness

Question 12

Depressor anguli oris

Answer 12

-Pulls the angle of the mouth down

Question 13

Depressor labii inferioris

Answer 13

-Pulls the lip downwards

Question 14

Mentalis

Answer 14

-Protrude the lower lip
-Helps to make a sad face

Question 15

Orbicularis oris

Answer 15

-Helps to close the mouth and keep it shut

Question 16

Transverse nasalis

Answer 16

-It is around the hyaline cartilage of the nose

Question 17

Auricularis anterior
Auricularis superior
Auricularis posterior

Answer 17

-Helps draw the ear and the skin of the ear forward
-Helps draw the ear the skin of the ear upwards
-Helps draw the ear and the skin of the ear backwards

Question 18

Lateral neck muscles

Answer 18

-Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
-Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)

Question 19

SCM

Answer 19

-Large muscle that helps in flexing the neck and assists in forceful inhalations
-Origin is situated at the sternal end of the anterior surface of the manubrium
-Has a clavicular head that attaches to the medial third of the clavicle
-Its insertion point is at the mastoid process and lateral part of the superior nuchal

Question 20

Scalenes

Answer 20

Their function is to flex the neck and assist in inhalation

Question 21

Posterior neck muscles

Answer 21

-Levator scapulae
-Splenius capitis and semi splenius capitis
-Trapezius

Question 22

Levator scapulae

Answer 22

-Helps to elevate the scapula

Question 23

Splenius capitis and semi splenius capitis

Answer 23

-Helps to extend the neck

Question 24

Platysma

Answer 24

-Helps to pull/depress the mandible down
-It is a superficial muscle
-Originates on the pectoral fascia
-Insertion is the inferior border of the mandible

Question 25

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 25

All the muscles above the hyoid bone and they insert here;
-Digastric anterior and posterior belly which help to elevate the hyoid bone
-Mylohyoid
-Geniohyoid
-Stylohyoid

Question 26

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 26

All the muscles below the hyoid bone, as they depress they pull the hyoid bone down which contributes to voice production;
-Omohyoid superior and inferior belly which are both connected to an intermediate tendon
-Sternohyoid
-Sternothyroid