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Anat 315 > Muscles of the Forearm & Hand > Flashcards

Muscles of the Forearm & Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the compartments of the forearm, their parts, and the number of muscles in each?

A

Anterior compartment (Flexors) - 8
- Superficial (4)
- Intermediate (1)
- Deep (3)

Posterior compartment (Extensors) - 11
- Superficial (6)
- Deep (5)

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2
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Superficial:
1. Pronator Teres
2. Flexor carpi radialis
3. Palmaris
4. Flexor carpi ulnaris

Intermediate:
1. Flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep:
1. Flexor digitorum profundus
2. Pronator quadratus
3. Flexor pollicis longus

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3
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Superficial:
1. Brachioradialis
2. Extensor carpi radialis longus
3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
4. Extensor digitorum
5. Extensor digiti minimi
6. Extensor carpi ulnaris

Deep:
1. Supinator
2. Abductor pollicis longus
3. Extensor pollicis brevis
4. Extensor pollicis longus
5. Extensor indicis

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4
Q

What is the CFO (common flexor origin)

A

-The medial epicondyle of the humerus

-This is the origin or the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment:
* Pronator teres
*Flexor carpi radialis
* Palmaris longus
* Flexor carpi ulnaris

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5
Q

Pronator teres: Compartment and OIAI

A

Compartment: Anterior compartment, superficial

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus (CFO)

Insertion: Lateral Radius

Action: Pronation

Innervation: Median nerve

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6
Q

Flexor carpi radialis: Compartment and OIAI

A

Compartment: Anterior compartment, superficial

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus (CFO)

Insertion: 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

Action: Wrist flection and wrist abduction

Innervation: Median nerve

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7
Q

Palmaris longus: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Anterior compartment, superficial

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus (CFO)

Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis (fan)

Action: Wrist flexion

Innervation: Median nerve

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8
Q

What is the palmar aponeurosis

A
  • A thickening of palmar fascia
  • continuous withe the palmaris longus tendon
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9
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Anterior compartment. superficial

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus (CFO) & the olecranon of the ulna

Insertion:
- Pisiform
- Hook of hamate
- 5th metacarpal

Action:
- Wrist flection and wrist adduction

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

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10
Q

The trick for the superficial anterior compartment

A
  • CFO:
  • They all have the same origin!
  • PASS/FAIL/PASS/FAIL
  • Thumb on CFO
    Index - P: Pronator Teres
    Middle - F: Flexor carpi radialis
    Ring - P: Palmaris longus
    Pinky - Flexor carpi ulnaris
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11
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Anterior compartment, intermediate

Origin:
- Medial epicondyle of the humerus (CFO)
- Anterior surface of the radius and ulna

Insertion:
- 4 Tendons split and insert on middle phalanges 2-5

Action:
- Flexion of the wrist
- Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5
- Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5

Innervation: Median nerve

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12
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Anterior compartment, Deep

Origin:
- Ulna
- Interosseus membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanges 2-5

Action:
Same as FDS
- Flexion of the wrist
- Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5
- Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5
AND
- Flexion of DIP 2-5
Innervation:
- Medial half: Median nerve
- Lateral half: Ulnar nerve

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13
Q

Flexor digitorum memory trick

A

Flexor digitorum Superficialis - Splits in two to allow, Flexor digitorum Profundus to Pass through

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14
Q

Flexor pollicis longus: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Anterior compartment, Deep

Origin:
- Anterior radius
- interosseus membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of the thumb

Actions: Flexion of the thumb

Innervation: Median nerve

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15
Q

Pronator quadratus: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Anterior compartment, Deep

Origin: Distal anterior surface of the ulna

Insertion: Distal anterior surface of the radius

Action: Pronation

Innervation: Median nerve

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16
Q

What is the Flexor Retinaculum?

A
  • Fibrous connective tissue band
  • Located on the palmar surface of the hand (near wrist)
  • Forms the roof of the carpal tunnel
  • Holds the tendons of the flexor muscles in place
  • Allows median nerve to pass into the hand
17
Q

Brachioradialis: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Posterior compartment, superficial

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

Insertion: Styloid process of radius

Actions: Flexes forearm at the elbow

Innervation: Radial nerve

18
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Posterior compartment, Superficial

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus (CEO)

Insertion: 2nd & 3rd metacarpals

Actions: Extension of the wrist and Abduction of the wrist

Innervation: Radial nerve

19
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Posterior compartment, superficial

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (CEO)

Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Actions:
- Extension of wrist
- Adduction of wrist

Innervation: Radial nerve

20
Q

Extensor digitorum: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Posterior compartment, superficial

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus (CEO)

Insertion: Phalanges 2-5, posterior surface

Actions:
- Extension of wrist
- Extension of fingers (MCPs, PIPs, DIPs)

Innervation: Radial nerve

21
Q

Extensor digiti minimi: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Posterior Compartment, superficial

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (CEO)

Insertion: posterior surface of the 5th digit

Actions:
- Extension of wrist
- Extension of pinky finger

Innervation: Radial nerve

22
Q

Supinator: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Posterior compartment, Deep

Origin:
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus (CEO)
- Proximal ulna

Insertion: Lateral proximal radius

Actions: Supination

Innervation: Radial nerve

23
Q

Abductor pollicis longus: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Posterior compartment, Deep

Origin: Proximal ulna & posterior surface of radius

Insertion: 1st metacarpal

Actions: Abduction of thumb & wrist

Innervation: Radial nerve

24
Q

Extensor pollicis longus: Compartment & OIAI

A

Compartment: Posterior compartment, deep

Origin:
- Posterior ulna
- Interosseus membrane

Insertion:
- Distal phalanx of thumb

Actions:
- Extension of thumb

Innervation: Radial nerve

25
Q

Extensor indicis: Compartment OIAI

A

Compartment: Posterior compartment, deep

Origin:
- Posterior distal ulna
- interosseus membrane

Insertion: index finger (2nd distal phalanx)

Actions:
- Extension of index finger
- Extension of wrist

Innervation: Radial nerve

26
Q

What is the anatomical snuffbox

A

A triangular depression on the dorsal aspect of the hand

Lateral border:
- Abductor pollicis longus tendon
- Extensor pollicis brevis tendon

Medial border:
- Extensor pollicis longus tendon

27
Q

What nerve innervates all the posterior forearm muscles

A

Radial nerve

28
Q

What nerve innervates most anterior forearm muscles

A

Median nerve

29
Q

What muscles of the anterior forearm are not innervated by the median nerve and what are they innervated by?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

30
Q

What is the extensor retinaculum?

A

Fibrous connective tissure band on the dorsal surface of the hand, near the wrist

It holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place

31
Q

About the extrinsic muscles of the hand

A
  • They originate in the forearm and inset on the hand
  • These control crude movements
32
Q

About the intrinsic muscles of the hand

A
  • They originate and insert within the hand
  • These control fine movements
33
Q

The intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

Hypothenar muscles: Pinky side

Thenar muscles: Thumb side

Anat 315 (8 decks)

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