Joints Flashcards
Synarthrosis (movement, anatomy, ex)
Movement: immobile or nearly immobile
Anatomy:
- strong union between articulating bones.
- fibrous, cartilaginous, or boney fusion
Ex. Skull sutures
Amphiarthroses (movement, anatomy, ex.)
Movement: slightly moveable
Anatomy: Fibrous or cartilaginous
Ex. Intervertebral joints
Diarthroses (Movement, anatomy, ex.)
Movement: freely moveable
Anatomy: characterized by possessing a joint cavity (synovial joints)
Basic components of synovial joints (5)
- Joint capsule
- Articulate cartilage
- Joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
- Synovial membrane
- Accessory structures
a. Menisci
b. Ligaments
c. Bursae
d. Fat pads
Menisci (Anatomy & Function)
Anatomy: C shaped fibrocartilage pads between bone
Function: Reduce friction, disperse weight, protect & cushion joint surface
Ligaments (anatomy, function, types)
Anatomy: fibrous connective tissue connection bone to bone
Function: support and strengthen synovial joints
Types:
- Extracapsular: outside articulated capsule
- Intracapsular: inside articular capsule
What is the difference between ligaments and tendons
Ligaments: Fibrous connective tissue that connect bone to bone
Tendon: fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone
Bursae (Anatomy & Function)
Anatomy:
- Small fluid filled pockets in connective tissue (near tendons and bones).
- Filled with synovial fluid, lined by a synovial membrane
Function: reduce friction & act as shock absorbers
Fat pads (Anatomy, Function)
Anatomy: found near the perigees of the joint
Function:
- protect articular cartilage
- cushion joint
Gliding movement
Two opposing flat surfaces slide past eachother
Ex intertarsal joints of the foot
Angular movement
Movement that changes the angle between articulating bones
- Flexion/Extension
- Abduction/Adduction
- Circumduction
Rotational Movement
Right/left
Medial/lateral or internal/external
Supination/pronation
Special movements: the foot
Inversion/eversion
Dorsiflextion (decrease angle)
Plantarflextion (point)
Special movements: Thumb
Opposition: cross palm to touch tips of fingers
Reposition: back to anatomical position
Special movements (Jaw/ scapula)
Protraction: anteriorly in transverse plane
Retraction: posteriorly in transverse plane
Special movements (up/down)
Elevation: structure moves in superior direction
Depression: structure moves in inferior direction
Special movements: Vertebral column
Flexion/ extension
Latéral flexion: side bend
Rotation: twist
Gliding joint (Anatomy/Movement, ex)
Anatomy/movement: Flattened or slightly curved surfaces slide across eachother
Ex. Intertarsal joint
Hinge joint (Anatomy, Movement, ex)
Anatomy: convex surface of one bone articulates with concave surface or another
Movement: mono axial; angular movement across one axis (flexion/extension)
Ex. Elbow, knee ankle
Pivot joint (Anatomy, Movement, ex.)
Anatomy: pointed surface of bone articulated with a ring (made of bone and ligament)
Movement: monoaxial: only rotation
Ex. atlantoaxial joint and proximal radioulnar joint
Ellipsoïdal / Condylar joint
(Anatomy, Movement, ex.)
Anatomy: oval surface (condyle) sits within a depression on the opposing surface
Movement: Biaxial: permits motions across two axes
- flexion/ extension
- abduction/ adduction (and circumduction)
Ex. Metacarpophalangeal joints
Saddle joint
(Anatomy, Movement, ex.)
Anatomy: articular surface of a bone fits into saddle shaped bone
Movement: Biaxial: angular movement across two axes, opposition
Ex. Thumb: first carpometacarpal joint
Ball and socket
(Anatomy, Movement, ex.)
Anatomy: round head or a bone fits into a cup shaped depression of a bone
Movement: triaxial (angular rotation across three axes) angular motion, circumduction, rotation
Ex. Shoulder, hip
