muscles of the elbow region

Question 1

ELBOW FLEXORS: biceps brachii

Answer 1

About:
- A tri-articular muscle crossing
Action:
→ shoulder joint (anterior) = shoulder flexion
→ elbow joint (anterior) = elbow flexion
→ superior radioulnar joint = R/U supination
Attachments:
- short head origin: coracoid process
- long head origin: supraglenoid tubercle
- insertion: radial tuberosity

Question 2

ELBOW FLEXORS: brachialis

Answer 2

About: 
- A uniarticular muscle crossing
Actions:
→ elbow joint (anterior) = only flexes the elbow (unaffected by radius position)
Attachments: 
origin: mid-shaft anterior humerus
insertion: ulna tuberosity

Question 3

ELBOW FLEXORS: brachioradialis

Answer 3

About:
- A bi-articular muscle crossing 
- Forearm “neutraliser”
Actions: 
→ elbow joint (anterolateral) = elbow flexion
→ superior radioulnar joint = rotates the forearm to neutral from supination or pronation (mid sup/pron)
Attachments:
- origin: lateral supracondylar ridge 
- insertion: radial styloid process

Question 4

ELBOW FLEXORS: pronator teres

Answer 4

About:
- A bi-articular muscle crossing 
Actions: 
→ elbow joint (anterior) = elbow flexion
→ superior radioulnar joint = R/U pronation of the forearm 
Attachments:
- origin: medial supracondylar ridge 
- insertion: mid shaft lateral radius

Question 5

ELBOW EXTENSORS: triceps brachii

Answer 5

About:
- A bi-articular muscle crossing
Actions:
→ Shoulder joint (posterior) = shoulder extension (long head only)
→ Elbow joint (posterior) = elbow extension
Attachments:
- long head origin: infraglenoid tubercle
- lateral head origin: superior to radial groove
- medial head origin: inferior to radial groove
- insertion: olecranon process

Question 6

ELBOW EXTENSORS: anconeus

Answer 6

About:
- A uni-articular muscle crossing
- Stabilises the elbow in extension
- Stabilises the ulna against the distal humerus
Actions:
→ Elbow joint (posterior) = elbow extension
Attachments:
- origin: lateral epicondyle
- insertion: lateral surface of olecranon

Question 7

ELBOW EXTENSORS: supinator

Answer 7

About:
- A bi-articular muscle crossing 
Actions:
→ Elbow joint (posterior) = elbow extension
→ Superior radioulnar joint = supination
Attachments:
- origin: lateral epicondyle 
- insertion: lateral surface of proximal third of radius

Question 8

Common Extensor Origin (CEO)

Answer 8

• The epicondyle attachment sites for some of the wrist and hand extensors ( lateral - CEO)
• = provide dynamic stability on either side of the elbow joint

Question 9

Common Flexor Origin (CFO)

Answer 9

• The epicondyle attachment sites for some of the wrist and hand flexors (medial - CFO)
• = provide dynamic stability on either side of the elbow joint

Question 10

Cubital Fossa: borders, floor, roof, contents

Answer 10

Borders:
- Brachioradialis (lateral line)
- pronator teres (medial line)
- line joining the lateral and medial epicondyles
- The muscles are providing a boundary and some protection 
Floor:
- Brachialis
- supinator
Roof
- Fascia
- biceps aponeurosis
Contains 
- blood vessels/ nerves