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Muscoskeletal System > Muscles Of The Dog Forelimb > Flashcards

Muscles Of The Dog Forelimb Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 8 extrinsic muscles of the forelimb

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Rhomboideus
  3. Omotransversarius
  4. Serratus ventralis
  5. Latissimus dorsi
  6. brachiocephalicus
  7. superficial pectoral
  8. deep pectoral
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2
Q

What is the muscular attachment between the limb and trunk called in domestic species?

A

OMOTHORACIC junction and is a synsarcosis

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3
Q

Describe the origin ad insertion of the trapezium

A

Made up of 2 parts
Entire muscle originates from the median raphe of the neck (C3-T9) and inserts onto the scapula spine
PARTS OF THE ORIGIN AND INSERTION ARE BY WAY OF A APONEUROSIS

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4
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the trapezius muscle

A

Action- abducts and elevates the forelimb

Innervation-accessory nerve

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5
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi

A

Originates from the thoracolumar fascia (spinous processes of the lumbar and T7/8)
Inserts on the teres major tuberosity of the humerus

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6
Q

Describe the action ad innervation of the latissimus dorsi

A

Action- retraction of the forelimb, flex the shoulder joint

Innervation by thoracodorsal nerve (C7,C8 AND T1)

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7
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the omotransversarius

A

OMO=SHOULDER TRANSVERSE= PROCESS OF THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

Originates at he transverse process of the 1st cervical vertebrae ad inserts onto the distal part of the scapula spine and acromion

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8
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the omotransversarius

A

Action- protraction of the limb, flexes the back laterally

Innervation= accessory nerve

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9
Q

Describe the origin and innervation of the rhomboideus

A

Divided into 2 parts
STRONGER CERVICAL PART- originates from the median raphe of the neck and extends to the spinal processes of the first 3 thoracic vertebrae
THORACIC PART-originates from the spinous processes of the 4th to 7th thoracic vertebrae

Innervation- both parts insert on the dorsal border (BOTH MEDIALLY AD LATERALLY) of the scapula

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10
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the rhomboideus

A

Action- to elevate the limb ad to draw the scapula against the trunk
Innervation- cervical and thoracic nerves

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11
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the serratus ventralis

A

Named after its serrated shape and ventral position

Originates from the transverse processes of the last 5 cervical vertebrae and the ventral part of the last 8 ribs. It inserts onto the faces serrata of the scapula

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12
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the serratus ventralis

A

Action- retractor/ protractor of the limb, support the limb and trunk,inspiration
Innervation- cervical nerves and long thoracic nerve

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13
Q

Describe the origin and innervation of the brachiocephalicus

A

Has 3 parts divided by the VESTIGIAL CLAVICLE
Proximal to the clavicle are the cleidomastoideus muscle from the neck and the cleidocervicalis from the neck
COLLECTIVELY, THESE 2 MUSCLES ARE CALLED THE CLEIDOCEPHALICUS and are innervated by the cervical and accessory nerves

Distal to the clavicle, cleidobranchialis runs to the humerus and is innervated by the axillary nerve

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14
Q

Describe the action of the brachiocephalicus

A

To protract the limb

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15
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the superficial pectoral

A

Originates from the cranial end of the sternum to the third costal cartilage and inserts on the major tubercle of the humerus

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16
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the superficial pectoral

A

Action-adducts the limb

Innervation- cranial pectoral nerve

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17
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the deep pectoral

A

LARGER OF THE 2 PECTORALS

Originates from the entire length of the sternum and inserts on the minor tubercle (lesser tubercle) of the humerus

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18
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the deep pectorals

A

Action-to advance the trunk onto the limb and retract and adduct the limb
Innervation- caudal pectoral nerve

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19
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the deltoideus

A

Muscle comprises of 2 parts
THE SCAPULA PART ARISES FROM A WIDE APONEUROSIS ARISING FROM THE SPINE OF THE SCAPULA, COVERING INFRASPINATUS MUSCLE

Originates from the spine and acromial process of the scapula and inserts onto the deltoid tuberosity

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20
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the deltoideus muscle

A

Action is to flex the shoulder

Innervation by the axillary nerve

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21
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the long head of the tricep

A

Origin=the caudal border of the scapula

Insertion=olecranon tuber

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22
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the long head of the tricep

A 
Action= to extend the elbow and flex the shoulder 
Innervation= the radial nerve
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23
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the lateral head of the tricep

A

Origin= the tricepital line of the humerus

Inserts on the olecranon tuber

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24
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the lateral head of the tricep

A

Action=to extend the elbow

Innervation= the radial nerve

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25
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the accessory and medial head of the tricep. What is its action and innervation?

A

Origin= the proximal third of the humerus
Inserts on the olecranon tuber of the ulna
Action=extensor of the elbow
Innervation= radial nerve

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26
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus muscle

A

SUPRA= SUPERIOR TO SPINATUS= SPINE

Origin= arises from and fills the supraspinous fossa 
Inserts= by way of a short tendon on the major tubercle of the humerus
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27
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the supraspinatus

A

Action- extension of the shoulder and the tendon acts as a lateral collateral ligament to stabilise the shoulder joint
Innervation- suprascapular nerve

28
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus muscle

A

Infra=inferior to

Origin= originates and fills the infraspinous fossa 
Inserts= distal to the greater tubercle of the humerus
29
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the infraspinatus

A

Action- can flex or extend the shoulder joint depending on limb position, tendon acts as a lateral collateral ligament to stabilise the shoulder joint
Innervation- suprascapular nerve

30
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the teres minor

A

Origin=arises from the distal 3rd of the caudal edge of the scapula
Inserts= proximal to the deltoid tuberosity

31
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the teres minor

A

Action-lateral shoulder joint capsule muscle

Innervation by axillary nerve

32
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the biceps branchii

A

Originates by the way of a long tendon on the supraglenoid tuberosity, it then crosses the shoulder joint, runs craniomedially down the brachium and inserts, by way of 2 tendons onto the radius and ulna

33
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the biceps brachii

A

Action= flexor of the elbow, extensor of the shoulder

Innervation=musculocutaneous nerve

34
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the brachialis

A 
Origin= the proximal caudal humerus 
Inserts= the proximal ulna
35
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the branchialis

A

Action-flexor of the elbow

Innervation-musculocutaneous nerve

36
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the coracobranchialis

A

Origin=coracoid process of the scapula

Inserts= minor tubercle of the humerus

37
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the coracobranchialis

A

Action= the medial capsular muscle of the shoulder joint

Innervation=musculocutaneus

38
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the anconeus

A

Origin=caudal third of the humerus

Inserts= on the olecranon

39
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the anconeus

A

Action= elbow extensor and capsular muscle of the elbow

Innervation=radial nerve

40
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the tensor fascia antebrachii

A

Origin=arises from the latissimus dorsi

Inserts= on the olecranon

41
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the tensor fascia antebrachii

A

Action- this broad flat muscle is the main tensor of the antebrachial fascia
Innervation- radial nerve

42
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the extensor carpi radialis

A

Originates at the lateral condyle/ supracondylar crest of the humerus
Inserts on the proximal-dorsal surface of metacarpal II and III

43
Q

What is the action and innervation of the extensor carpi radialis?

A

Action-extensor of the carpus, flexor of the elbow

Innervation-radial nerve

44
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the common digital extensor

A

Origin=lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Inserts=the distal phalanges of digits II to V

45
Q

Describe the action and insertion of the common digital extensor

A

Action-extends carpus and digits II to V

Innervation via the radial nerve

46
Q

Describe the origina and insertions of the lateral digital extensor. Describe its action and innervations

A

Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Inserts on the distal phalanges of digits III,IV and V

Innervation-radial nerve
Action- extension of digits II,IV and V

47
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the ulnaris lateralis

A

Origin=from lateral epicondyle of humerus

Inserts= on the proximal end of metacarpal V

48
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the ulnaris lateralis

A

Action= extension or flexion of the carpus, depending on the position of the limb
Innervation via the radial nerve

49
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the supinator

A

Origin- lateral collateral ligament and the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Inserts-cranial surface of the radius

THE MUSCLE LIES LATERALLY ON THE CRANIAL SURFACE OF THE ELBOW

50
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the supinator

A

Action- rotation of the paw so that the palmer surface faces medially
Innervation-radial nerve

51
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the abductor pollicis longus

A

Origin-craniolateral surface of the ulna

Inserts- medial aspect of the proximal end of metacarpal I/II lt has a small SESAMOID near the point of insertion

52
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the abductor pollicis longus

A

Action-extends carpus and abduct the 1st digit

Innervation-radial nerve

53
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the pronator teres

A

Origin-medial epicondyle of the humerus
Inserts- cranial radius

MUSCLE LIES MEDIALLY ON THE CRANIAL SURFACE OF THE ELBOW

54
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the pronator teres

A

Action=rotation of the paw so that the palmer surface is in contact with the ground
Innervation- median nerve

55
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the flexor carpi radialis

A 
Origin= medial epicondyle of the humerus 
Inserts= the palmer aspect of metacarpals II and III
56
Q

Describe the action and insertion of the flexor carpi radialis

A

Action=flexor of the carpus

Innervation=median nerve

57
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the superficial digital flexor

A

Origin=medial epicondyle of the humerus

Inserts= the palmer proximal edge of the middle phalanx of all digits

58
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the superficial digital flexor

A

Action= flexor of the digits

Innervation=median nerve

59
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Muscle has 2 heads
WEAKER ULNAR HEAD: originates from the proximal ulna
STRONG HUMERAL HEAD: originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Both insert onto the accessory carpal bone

60
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A 
Action= flexor of the carpus 
Innervation= ulnar nerve
61
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the deep digital flexor

A

Has 3 heads
HUMERAL HEAD: strongest and consists of 3 bellies. Arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
RADIAL HEAD: weakest division and arises from the medial border of the radius
ULNAR HEAD: arises from the caudal border of the ulna

All 3 heads unite to form one strong tendon which then splits and inserts on the distal phalanges of all digits

62
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the deep digital flexor

A

Action= flexor of all digits

Innervation=median nerve

63
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the pronator quadratus

A

Origin=ulna
Inserts= radius
Muscle fills the space between the radius and ulna

64
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the pronator quadratus

A

Action=rotate the paw inwards

Innervation=median nerve

65
Q

Describe the origin and insertion of the interosseousei/ interossei

A

4 in total lying on the palmer aspect of the metacarpal bones II, III, IV and V
Distally, each muscle divides into 2 short tendons that attach to the proximal end of phalange 1
Each tendon has a SESAMOID embedded in it

66
Q

Describe the action and innervation of the interosseousei/ interossei

A

Action= flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints

Innervation via the ulna nerve

Muscoskeletal System (8 decks)

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