Muscles of the Back, Neck and Pectoral Region Flashcards
Rhomboid Minor and Major
Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Actions: Retraction of scapula, Elevation of scapula, Downward rotation of scapula
Trapezius
Origins: Nuchal ligament, Spinous processes of C7-C12, Occipital bone
Insertions: Clavicle, Spine of scapula, Acromion process
Actions: Elevate scapula, Adduction/retraction of scapula, Upward rotation of scapula, Depression of scapula
Levator Scapulae
Origin: C1-C4 transverse processes
Insertion: Superior medial border of scapula
Actions: Scapula elevation, Downward rotation of scapula
Latissimus Dorsi
Origins: Posterior sacrum, Lower thoracic vertebrae, Lumbar vertebra
Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerus
Actions: Extension of arm at shoulder, medial rotation of humerus, adduction of humerus
Serratus Anterior
Medial Attachment: Ribs 1-9
Lateral Attachment: Medial border of scapula (anterior surface)
Actions: Abduction/protraction of scapula, Upward rotation of scapula
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Ribs 2-5
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Actions: Weak shoulder protraction, Downward rotation of scapula
Pectoralis Major
Origins: Medial clavicle, Costal cartilage of ribs 1-6
Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerus
Actions: Flexion of arm at shoulder, Extension of flexed arm, Medial rotation of humerus, Adduction of humerus
Sternoclediomastoid
Origins: Manubrium of sternum, Medial 1/3 of clavicle.
Insertions: Mastoid process of temporal bone, Lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Actions: Bilateral- Neck Flexion. Unilateral- Lateral rotation and lateral flexion of neck
Erector Spinae Muscle Group
Origins: Iliac crest, Sacrum, Lumbar spinous processes, T11-T12 spinous processes.
Insertion: Ribs, Spinous and transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Actions: Back extension, Lateral flexion of back
Deltoid
Origins: Acromion process, Spine of scapula, Clavicle
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Actions: Flexion of humerus, extension of humerus, lateral rotation of humerus, medial rotation of humerus, abduction of humerus
Supraspinatus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Actions: Abduction of humerus
Infraspinatus
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Actions: Lateral rotation of humerus
Subscapularis
Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Actions: Medial rotation of humerus
Teres Minor
Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Actions: Lateral rotation of humerus, extension of humerus
Teres Major
Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Bicipital groove of humerus
Actions: Medial rotation of arm, Extension of arm, Adduction of arm
Which muscles retract the scapula?
Trapezius and Rhomboid Minor + Major
Which muscles elevate the scapula?
Trapezius, Rhomboid Minor + Major, Levator Scapulae
Which muscles help with the downward rotation of the scapula?
Rhomboid Minor + Major, Pectoralis Minor, Levator Scapulae
Which muscles help with the medial rotation of the humerus?
Latissimus Dorsi, Deltoids, Pectoralis Major, Teres Major, Subscapularis
Which muscles help with the lateral rotation of the humerus?
Infraspinatus, Deltoid, Teres Minor
Which muscles abduct the humerus?
Serratus Anterior, Supraspinatus
Which muscles adduct the humerus?
Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Minor, Teres Major
Which muscle does the depression of the scapula?
Trapezius
Which muscles help with the upward rotation of the scapula?
Trapezius, Serratus Anterior
Which muscles insert to the bicipital groove of the humerus?
Latissimus dorsi and Pectoralis Major
Which two muscles have the origins as the other ones insertions
The deltoid’s origins are the same as the trapezius’s insertions
Which muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
Which muscles extend the humerus/arm?
Latissimus dorsi, Teres minor, Teres major, Deltoid
