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DEN103 - Dissection > Muscles Of Respiration > Flashcards

Muscles Of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Define a muscle (inc primary and secondary function)

A

Primary function: bring movement by contraction

Secondary function: not primarily responsible but assists in initiating and providing movement

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2
Q

What muscles are on the external anterior thoracic wall?

A

The external intercostal muscles

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3
Q

What is the origin (superior attachment) of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Arises from the lower border of the rib

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4
Q

Where do external intercostal muscles insert (inferior attachment)?

A

Attach to the upper border of the rib

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4
Q

What innervates the external intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves - numbered sequentially according to intercostal space

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5
Q

How many external intercostal muscles do we have?

A

11 on each side

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6
Q

How do intercostal muscles assist intercostal spaces?

A

Keep the rigid: prevent bulging on expiration and being drawn in on inspiration

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7
Q

What kind of muscle is the diaphragm?

A

Primary muscle of respiration

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8
Q

What muscles are found on the internal anterior thoracic wall?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

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9
Q

What is the origin on he internal intercostal muscles?

A

Arise from ridge on inner surface of inferior aspect of each rib and from corresponding costal cartilage

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the internal intercostal muscle?

A

The upper border of rib below origin

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the internal intercostal muscle?

A

The intercostal nerves

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12
Q

What are the actions of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal connected with costal cartilage elevate ribs

Lateral and posterior portions of muscle depress ribs

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13
Q

Which way do the fibres on the lateral and posterior portion of the internal intercostal muscles run?

A

Fibres run obliquely

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14
Q

What is the relationship of the fibres of the internal intercostal muscles to the external intercostal muscles?

A

The internal i.m fibres run perpendicular to the external i.m

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15
Q

Name two accessory muscles on the inner anterior thoracic wall?

A

Innermost intercostal muscles

Transversus thoracic muscles

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16
Q

What is the origin of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Arise from the lower border of rib

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17
Q

What is the insertion of the innermost intercostal muscle?

A

Attach to he upper border of the rib below origin

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18
Q

What is the origin of the transversus thoracic muscle?

A

Posterior surface of lower portion of body of sternum and xiphoid process

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19
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus thoracic muscles?

A

Attach to the inner surface of costal cartilages 2-6

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20
Q

What are the actions of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Elevate the ribs

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21
Q

What is the action of the transversus thoracic muscles?

A

Depress the ribs

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the innermost intercostals and transversus thoracic muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves

23
Q

What are the primary muscles of inspiration?

A

External intercostals and diaphragm

24
What are the primary muscles of expiration?
The internal intercostals
25
What is the action of the muscles of inspiration?
To elevate the ribs
26
What is the action of the muscles of expiration?
To depress the ribs
27
What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenus anterior, posterior and medius, pectoralis major and minor
28
What are getting accessory muscles of expiration?
Abdominal muscles
29
What is the origin of the diaphragm?
Xiphoid process (posterior surface), lower 6 ribs and their costal cartilage and upper 3 lumbar vertebrae
30
What is the insertion of the diaphragm?
The central tendon
31
What is the motor supply of the diaphragm?
The phrenic nerve, C3, C4 and C5
32
What is the sensory supply of the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
33
Which intercostals form the outer, inner and middle layer of the intercostal muscles?
``` Outer= external Middle = internal Inner = intercostal intimi ```
34
How do the fibres run on the external intercostals?
Forwards and down - hands in pocket
35
How do the fibres run on the internal intercostal muscles?
Fibres run backwards and dow
36
Where do you find the intercostal intimi?
The lower intercostal spaces
37
What other sensory supply does the phrenic nerve have with the diaphragm?
Supplies the parietal pleura covering the upper surfaces of the diaphragm
38
What are the two functions of e diaphragm?
1. Divides the abdominal and thoracic cavity | 2. Alters the dimensions of thoracic cavity
39
What is the diaphragm (made of)?
Musculotendinous sheet (muscle and tendon)
40
Why is the diaphragm a curved shape?
It's anterior attachment is higher than its posterior attachment
41
What vessels make up the intercostal neurovascular bundles?
Vein, artery and nerves = VAN
42
Where does the intercostal neurovascular bundle run?
Below the costal groove
43
How is the intercostal neurovascular bundle protected?
By the sharp inferior margin of the rib
44
What does the intercostal artery supply?
Supplies the skin and subcutaneous tissue over the side of chest wall
45
What does the intercostal artery give branches to?
Intercostal muscles and underlying pleura
46
The intercostal artery pierces the chest wall to supply a structure. What is this?
Pectoral muscles
47
Where does the internal thoracic artery arise from?
Subclavian artery
48
What does the internal thoracic artery supply?
Oxygenated blood to lateral structures of the thorax and breast
49
Why is the internal thoracic artery larger in females?
Have larger volume of breast tissue
50
What does the dorsal primary rami supply?
Supplies muscles acting on the vertebral column and skin overlying vertebrae posteriorly
51
What does the ventral primary rami form?
Intercostal nerves
52
What does he lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerves supply?
Skin of the side of the chest
53
What does the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerves supply?
Skin of the front of the chest
54
What does the pleural branch of the intercostal nerves supply?
Sends sensory information to the parietal pleural
55
Do the intercostal nerves stop in the intercostal spaces?
No carry on across abdominal wall to supply sensory and motor sensation

DEN103 - Dissection (3 decks)

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