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DEN103 - Dissection > Muscles Of Respiration > Flashcards

Muscles Of Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Define a muscle (inc primary and secondary function)

A

Primary function: bring movement by contraction

Secondary function: not primarily responsible but assists in initiating and providing movement

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2
Q

What muscles are on the external anterior thoracic wall?

A

The external intercostal muscles

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3
Q

What is the origin (superior attachment) of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Arises from the lower border of the rib

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4
Q

Where do external intercostal muscles insert (inferior attachment)?

A

Attach to the upper border of the rib

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4
Q

What innervates the external intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves - numbered sequentially according to intercostal space

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5
Q

How many external intercostal muscles do we have?

A

11 on each side

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6
Q

How do intercostal muscles assist intercostal spaces?

A

Keep the rigid: prevent bulging on expiration and being drawn in on inspiration

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7
Q

What kind of muscle is the diaphragm?

A

Primary muscle of respiration

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8
Q

What muscles are found on the internal anterior thoracic wall?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

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9
Q

What is the origin on he internal intercostal muscles?

A

Arise from ridge on inner surface of inferior aspect of each rib and from corresponding costal cartilage

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the internal intercostal muscle?

A

The upper border of rib below origin

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the internal intercostal muscle?

A

The intercostal nerves

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12
Q

What are the actions of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal connected with costal cartilage elevate ribs

Lateral and posterior portions of muscle depress ribs

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13
Q

Which way do the fibres on the lateral and posterior portion of the internal intercostal muscles run?

A

Fibres run obliquely

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14
Q

What is the relationship of the fibres of the internal intercostal muscles to the external intercostal muscles?

A

The internal i.m fibres run perpendicular to the external i.m

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15
Q

Name two accessory muscles on the inner anterior thoracic wall?

A

Innermost intercostal muscles

Transversus thoracic muscles

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16
Q

What is the origin of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Arise from the lower border of rib

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17
Q

What is the insertion of the innermost intercostal muscle?

A

Attach to he upper border of the rib below origin

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18
Q

What is the origin of the transversus thoracic muscle?

A

Posterior surface of lower portion of body of sternum and xiphoid process

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19
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus thoracic muscles?

A

Attach to the inner surface of costal cartilages 2-6

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20
Q

What are the actions of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

Elevate the ribs

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21
Q

What is the action of the transversus thoracic muscles?

A

Depress the ribs

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the innermost intercostals and transversus thoracic muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves

23
Q

What are the primary muscles of inspiration?

A

External intercostals and diaphragm

24
Q

What are the primary muscles of expiration?

A

The internal intercostals

25
Q

What is the action of the muscles of inspiration?

A

To elevate the ribs

26
Q

What is the action of the muscles of expiration?

A

To depress the ribs

27
Q

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, scalenus anterior, posterior and medius, pectoralis major and minor

28
Q

What are getting accessory muscles of expiration?

A

Abdominal muscles

29
Q

What is the origin of the diaphragm?

A

Xiphoid process (posterior surface), lower 6 ribs and their costal cartilage and upper 3 lumbar vertebrae

30
Q

What is the insertion of the diaphragm?

A

The central tendon

31
Q

What is the motor supply of the diaphragm?

A

The phrenic nerve, C3, C4 and C5

32
Q

What is the sensory supply of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

33
Q

Which intercostals form the outer, inner and middle layer of the intercostal muscles?

A 
Outer= external
Middle = internal
Inner = intercostal intimi
34
Q

How do the fibres run on the external intercostals?

A

Forwards and down - hands in pocket

35
Q

How do the fibres run on the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Fibres run backwards and dow

36
Q

Where do you find the intercostal intimi?

A

The lower intercostal spaces

37
Q

What other sensory supply does the phrenic nerve have with the diaphragm?

A

Supplies the parietal pleura covering the upper surfaces of the diaphragm

38
Q

What are the two functions of e diaphragm?

A
  1. Divides the abdominal and thoracic cavity

2. Alters the dimensions of thoracic cavity

39
Q

What is the diaphragm (made of)?

A

Musculotendinous sheet (muscle and tendon)

40
Q

Why is the diaphragm a curved shape?

A

It’s anterior attachment is higher than its posterior attachment

41
Q

What vessels make up the intercostal neurovascular bundles?

A

Vein, artery and nerves = VAN

42
Q

Where does the intercostal neurovascular bundle run?

A

Below the costal groove

43
Q

How is the intercostal neurovascular bundle protected?

A

By the sharp inferior margin of the rib

44
Q

What does the intercostal artery supply?

A

Supplies the skin and subcutaneous tissue over the side of chest wall

45
Q

What does the intercostal artery give branches to?

A

Intercostal muscles and underlying pleura

46
Q

The intercostal artery pierces the chest wall to supply a structure. What is this?

A

Pectoral muscles

47
Q

Where does the internal thoracic artery arise from?

A

Subclavian artery

48
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery supply?

A

Oxygenated blood to lateral structures of the thorax and breast

49
Q

Why is the internal thoracic artery larger in females?

A

Have larger volume of breast tissue

50
Q

What does the dorsal primary rami supply?

A

Supplies muscles acting on the vertebral column and skin overlying vertebrae posteriorly

51
Q

What does the ventral primary rami form?

A

Intercostal nerves

52
Q

What does he lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerves supply?

A

Skin of the side of the chest

53
Q

What does the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerves supply?

A

Skin of the front of the chest

54
Q

What does the pleural branch of the intercostal nerves supply?

A

Sends sensory information to the parietal pleural

55
Q

Do the intercostal nerves stop in the intercostal spaces?

A

No carry on across abdominal wall to supply sensory and motor sensation

DEN103 - Dissection (3 decks)

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