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DEN103 - Dissection > Bones of Thorax > Flashcards

Bones of Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae do humans have (total)?

A

33

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2
Q

What are the regions of the spinal column?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal

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3
Q

Mnemonic for remembering regions?

A

CTLSC
Can The Lottery Split Change
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

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4
Q

What portions of the spine are have primary curvature?

A

Thoracic and sacral curves are primary

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5
Q

How many curves does the spine have?

A

4 - 2 anterior and 2 posterior

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6
Q

What portion of the spine have secondary curvature?

A

The cervical and lumbar curves

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7
Q

What curves are posterior?

A

Thoracic and sacral curves

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8
Q

What curves are anterior?

A

The cervical and lumbar curves

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9
Q

Which curves develop first?

A

The primary curves

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10
Q

When do the secondary curves develop and why?

A

During infancy as weight bearing begins

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11
Q

Which regions allow for greater movement in the spine?

A

The secondary curves - cervical and lumbar region

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12
Q

Why does the thoracic region of the spine have a posterior curve?

A

To increase the space in the thorax

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13
Q

Name C1

A

The atlas

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14
Q

Name C2

A

The axis

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15
Q

What does the small size of cervical vertebrae allow for?

A

Greater range of movement

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16
Q

Why are the cervical vertebrae small?

A

Only have the weight of the cranium to support

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17
Q

What is a cervical vertebrae made up of?

A

Body, pedicel, lamina and spinous process

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18
Q

What does the foramen transversarium contain?

A

Contains the vertebral artery and vein

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19
Q

What are the major features that allow for identification of the cervical vertebrae?

A
  1. Have bifid spinous process

2. Have Forman in transverse process

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20
Q

Explain size of thoracic vertebrae and why this is significant.

A

The thoracic vertebrae are larger than the cervical vertebrae. They increase in size as they descend downwards - this is due to the increase in weight load

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21
Q

What feature would suggest the vertebrae is thoracic?

A

It would have costal facets

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22
Q

What are costal facets?

A

A point of articulation with the ribs

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23
Q

Describe the difference in function of superior and inferior costal facets.

A

Superior costal facet = articulates with corresponding rib

Inferior costal facet = articulates with the rib below

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24
Q

Where does the transverse costal facet articulate?

A

The tubercle of the corresponding rib

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25
Describe the spinous process of a thoracic vertebrae (including orientation)
Long and orientated posteriorly
26
How is movement in the thoracic region constrained?
By the articulation of ribs so the vertebrae (posteriorly) and sternum (anteriorly)
27
What are the backward projections either side of the vertebral foramen?
The pedicles
28
What joins to form the spinous process?
Laminae
29
What are the main function of lumbar vertebra?
Support and movement
30
What features would help classify a lumbar vertebra?
Would have a large body and massive transverse process
31
What do lumbar transverse processes provide attachment for?
Muscles of trunk and back
32
Why does the lumbar region have considerable movement?
No articulation to the ribs
33
What are vertebrae separated by?
Intervertebral discs
34
What is the outer ring of an intervertebral disc called and made of?
Made of fibrocartilage | Called annulus fibrosus
35
What does the annulus fibrosus enclose?
The nucleus pulposus
36
What is one of the main functions of discs between vertebrae?
Shock absorbing
37
What are true ribs and what numbers are they?
Ribs that articulate with cartilage (sternum). Ribs 1-7 are true ribs
38
What does costal cartilage allow?
Contributes to elasticity within thoracic walls allowing the chest to expand
39
What are false ribs and which ribs are they?
False ribs don't directly attach to the sternum. Ribs 8-12 are false ribs
40
What are floating ribs and which ones are they?
Floating ribs are attached to vertebrae. Ribs 11-12 are floating
41
How many pairs of ribs do we have?
12 pairs (24 ribs)
42
What is the sternum made up of?
The jugular notch, manubrium: angle, body, xiphoid process
43
Name bones of thorax
Sternum, ribs and respective articulation of ribs
44
Why are the clavicle and scapula not bones of thorax?
They are part of pectoral girdle - associated with upper limb
45
What is the opening and closing on the thorax called?
Superior and inferior thoracic aperture
46
What closes the superior thoracic aperture
The diaphragm
47
Name 3 landmark features of ribs
Head, neck, shaft
48
What is the tubercle of the rib?
A bony prominence with a small facet which articulates w/ transverse process of vertebra - this is absent in rib 11-12
49
Describe the body of the rib shaft
Thin, flat and curved
50
Where is the curve of the rib more prominent?
At the costal angle
51
Is the superior border round or sharp?
Round
52
Is the inferior border of the rib sharp or round?
Sharp
53
What does the sharp lower border of the rib give rise to?
The costal groove
54
What does the costal groove house?
The intercostal artery, vein and nerve
55
What are the 3 portions of the sternum?
Manubrium, body and xiphoid process
56
What level of the thoracic vertebrae is the body of the sternum?
T5-9
57
Which costal cartilage of the ribs does the body articulate with?
Ribs 2-7
58
What is located on the superior border of the manubrium?
The jugular/ suprasternal notch
59
Which end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium and where?
The medial end at the clavicular notch
60
Which costal cartilage of which ribs does the manubrium articulate with?
The first rib and the superior half of the second rib
61
At what level of the thoracic vertebrae does the xiphoid process lie?
Lies at T10
62
The xiphoid process is an important landmark in the median plane. What is it a midline marker for?
The central tendon of the diaphragm and the inferior border of the heart

DEN103 - Dissection (3 decks)

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