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DEN103 - Dissection > Bones of Thorax > Flashcards

Bones of Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae do humans have (total)?

A

33

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2
Q

What are the regions of the spinal column?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal

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3
Q

Mnemonic for remembering regions?

A

CTLSC
Can The Lottery Split Change
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

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4
Q

What portions of the spine are have primary curvature?

A

Thoracic and sacral curves are primary

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5
Q

How many curves does the spine have?

A

4 - 2 anterior and 2 posterior

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6
Q

What portion of the spine have secondary curvature?

A

The cervical and lumbar curves

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7
Q

What curves are posterior?

A

Thoracic and sacral curves

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8
Q

What curves are anterior?

A

The cervical and lumbar curves

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9
Q

Which curves develop first?

A

The primary curves

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10
Q

When do the secondary curves develop and why?

A

During infancy as weight bearing begins

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11
Q

Which regions allow for greater movement in the spine?

A

The secondary curves - cervical and lumbar region

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12
Q

Why does the thoracic region of the spine have a posterior curve?

A

To increase the space in the thorax

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13
Q

Name C1

A

The atlas

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14
Q

Name C2

A

The axis

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15
Q

What does the small size of cervical vertebrae allow for?

A

Greater range of movement

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16
Q

Why are the cervical vertebrae small?

A

Only have the weight of the cranium to support

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17
Q

What is a cervical vertebrae made up of?

A

Body, pedicel, lamina and spinous process

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18
Q

What does the foramen transversarium contain?

A

Contains the vertebral artery and vein

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19
Q

What are the major features that allow for identification of the cervical vertebrae?

A
  1. Have bifid spinous process

2. Have Forman in transverse process

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20
Q

Explain size of thoracic vertebrae and why this is significant.

A

The thoracic vertebrae are larger than the cervical vertebrae. They increase in size as they descend downwards - this is due to the increase in weight load

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21
Q

What feature would suggest the vertebrae is thoracic?

A

It would have costal facets

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22
Q

What are costal facets?

A

A point of articulation with the ribs

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23
Q

Describe the difference in function of superior and inferior costal facets.

A

Superior costal facet = articulates with corresponding rib

Inferior costal facet = articulates with the rib below

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24
Q

Where does the transverse costal facet articulate?

A

The tubercle of the corresponding rib

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25
Q

Describe the spinous process of a thoracic vertebrae (including orientation)

A

Long and orientated posteriorly

26
Q

How is movement in the thoracic region constrained?

A

By the articulation of ribs so the vertebrae (posteriorly) and sternum (anteriorly)

27
Q

What are the backward projections either side of the vertebral foramen?

A

The pedicles

28
Q

What joins to form the spinous process?

A

Laminae

29
Q

What are the main function of lumbar vertebra?

A

Support and movement

30
Q

What features would help classify a lumbar vertebra?

A

Would have a large body and massive transverse process

31
Q

What do lumbar transverse processes provide attachment for?

A

Muscles of trunk and back

32
Q

Why does the lumbar region have considerable movement?

A

No articulation to the ribs

33
Q

What are vertebrae separated by?

A

Intervertebral discs

34
Q

What is the outer ring of an intervertebral disc called and made of?

A

Made of fibrocartilage

Called annulus fibrosus

35
Q

What does the annulus fibrosus enclose?

A

The nucleus pulposus

36
Q

What is one of the main functions of discs between vertebrae?

A

Shock absorbing

37
Q

What are true ribs and what numbers are they?

A

Ribs that articulate with cartilage (sternum). Ribs 1-7 are true ribs

38
Q

What does costal cartilage allow?

A

Contributes to elasticity within thoracic walls allowing the chest to expand

39
Q

What are false ribs and which ribs are they?

A

False ribs don’t directly attach to the sternum. Ribs 8-12 are false ribs

40
Q

What are floating ribs and which ones are they?

A

Floating ribs are attached to vertebrae. Ribs 11-12 are floating

41
Q

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

A

12 pairs (24 ribs)

42
Q

What is the sternum made up of?

A

The jugular notch, manubrium: angle, body, xiphoid process

43
Q

Name bones of thorax

A

Sternum, ribs and respective articulation of ribs

44
Q

Why are the clavicle and scapula not bones of thorax?

A

They are part of pectoral girdle - associated with upper limb

45
Q

What is the opening and closing on the thorax called?

A

Superior and inferior thoracic aperture

46
Q

What closes the superior thoracic aperture

A

The diaphragm

47
Q

Name 3 landmark features of ribs

A

Head, neck, shaft

48
Q

What is the tubercle of the rib?

A

A bony prominence with a small facet which articulates w/ transverse process of vertebra - this is absent in rib 11-12

49
Q

Describe the body of the rib shaft

A

Thin, flat and curved

50
Q

Where is the curve of the rib more prominent?

A

At the costal angle

51
Q

Is the superior border round or sharp?

A

Round

52
Q

Is the inferior border of the rib sharp or round?

A

Sharp

53
Q

What does the sharp lower border of the rib give rise to?

A

The costal groove

54
Q

What does the costal groove house?

A

The intercostal artery, vein and nerve

55
Q

What are the 3 portions of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, body and xiphoid process

56
Q

What level of the thoracic vertebrae is the body of the sternum?

A

T5-9

57
Q

Which costal cartilage of the ribs does the body articulate with?

A

Ribs 2-7

58
Q

What is located on the superior border of the manubrium?

A

The jugular/ suprasternal notch

59
Q

Which end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium and where?

A

The medial end at the clavicular notch

60
Q

Which costal cartilage of which ribs does the manubrium articulate with?

A

The first rib and the superior half of the second rib

61
Q

At what level of the thoracic vertebrae does the xiphoid process lie?

A

Lies at T10

62
Q

The xiphoid process is an important landmark in the median plane. What is it a midline marker for?

A

The central tendon of the diaphragm and the inferior border of the heart

DEN103 - Dissection (3 decks)

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