MUSCLES OF FOOT CODE

Question 1

Front

Answer 1

Back

Question 2

Extrinsic muscles of the foot

Answer 2

Extrinsic muscles arise from the anterior, posterior, and lateral compartments of the leg and are responsible for actions such as eversion, inversion, plantarflexion, and dorsiflexion of the foot.

Question 3

Intrinsic muscles of the foot

Answer 3

Intrinsic muscles are located within the foot and responsible for fine motor actions like movement of individual digits.

Question 4

Intrinsic muscles: Two groups

Answer 4

Intrinsic muscles can be divided into those on the dorsum of the foot and those in the sole of the foot.

Question 5

Intrinsic muscles innervation

Answer 5

Intrinsic muscles of the foot are innervated by the medial or lateral plantar nerves, which are branches of the tibial nerve.

Question 6

Dorsal intrinsic muscles

Answer 6

The two intrinsic muscles on the dorsum of the foot are extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis.

Question 7

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 7

Originates from the calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum. Attaches to the long extensor tendons of toes 2-4. Action: Extension of toes 2-4. Innervation: Deep fibular nerve.

Question 8

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Answer 8

Often considered part of the extensor digitorum brevis. Originates from the calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum. Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe. Action: Extension of the great toe. Innervation: Deep fibular nerve.

Question 9

Plantar intrinsic muscles

Answer 9

There are ten intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect (sole) of the foot, which stabilize the arches and control the movement of the digits.

Question 10

First layer of plantar muscles

Answer 10

The first layer contains three muscles: abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and abductor digiti minimi.

Question 11

Abductor Hallucis

Answer 11

Originates from the medial tubercle of the calcaneus and flexor retinaculum. Attaches to the medial base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe. Action: Abduction and flexion of the great toe. Innervation: Medial plantar nerve.

Question 12

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Answer 12

Located laterally to abductor hallucis. Attaches to the middle phalanges of toes 2-5. Action: Flexion of toes at the proximal interphalangeal joints. Innervation: Medial plantar nerve.

Question 13

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Answer 13

Located laterally on the foot. Attaches to the lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit. Action: Abduction and flexion of the little toe. Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve.

Question 14

Second layer of plantar muscles

Answer 14

The second layer contains the quadratus plantae and lumbricals muscles.

Question 15

Quadratus Plantae

Answer 15

Originates from the medial and lateral plantar surfaces of the calcaneus. Attaches to the tendons of flexor digitorum longus. Action: Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing toes 2-5. Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve.

Question 16

Lumbricals

Answer 16

There are four lumbrical muscles. Originates from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus. Attaches to the extensor hoods of toes 2-5. Action: Flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints. Innervation: Medial lumbrical – medial plantar nerve; lateral lumbricals – lateral plantar nerve.

Question 17

Third layer of plantar muscles

Answer 17

The third layer contains flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, and flexor digiti minimi brevis.

Question 18

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Answer 18

Has two heads of origin, attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe. Action: Flexion of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Innervation: Medial plantar nerve.

Question 19

Adductor Hallucis

Answer 19

Consists of two heads: oblique and transverse. Attaches to the lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe. Action: Adduction of the great toe. Innervation: Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve.

Question 20

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Answer 20

Located on the lateral side of the foot. Attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit. Action: Flexion of the little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Innervation: Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve.

Question 21

Fourth layer of plantar muscles

Answer 21

The fourth layer contains the plantar and dorsal interossei muscles.

Question 22

Plantar Interossei

Answer 22

There are three plantar interossei. Attaches to the medial sides of digits 3-5. Action: Adduction of toes 3-5. Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve.

Question 23

Dorsal Interossei

Answer 23

There are four dorsal interossei. Attach to the lateral sides of digits 2-4. Action: Abduction of toes 2-4. Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve.

Question 24

Medial Plantar Nerve Entrapment

Answer 24

Compression of the medial plantar nerve can cause aching, numbness, and paraesthesia on the medial side of the sole. Common in activities with repetitive eversion, such as gymnastics.