ARCHES OF FOOT CODE

Question 1

Front

Answer 1

Back

Question 2

Arches of the foot

Answer 2

The foot has three arches: two longitudinal arches (medial and lateral) and one anterior transverse arch. These arches are formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones and supported by ligaments and tendons.

Question 3

Function of foot arches

Answer 3

The arches of the foot act like a spring, bearing body weight and absorbing shock during locomotion. Their flexibility aids in functions like walking and running.

Question 4

Longitudinal Arches

Answer 4

There are two longitudinal arches in the foot: the medial and lateral arches. They are formed between the tarsal bones and the metatarsal heads.

Question 5

Medial Arch

Answer 5

The medial arch is the higher of the two longitudinal arches. It is formed by the calcaneus, talus, navicular, three cuneiforms, and first three metatarsal bones.

Question 6

Medial Arch Support: Muscular

Answer 6

Muscular support for the medial arch includes tibialis anterior and posterior, fibularis longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis, and intrinsic foot muscles.

Question 7

Medial Arch Support: Ligamentous

Answer 7

Ligamentous support for the medial arch includes the long plantar, short plantar, and plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments, along with the medial ligament of the ankle joint.

Question 8

Medial Arch Support: Bony and Other

Answer 8

Bony support comes from the shape of the bones of the arch. Other support is provided by the plantar aponeurosis.

Question 9

Lateral Arch

Answer 9

The lateral arch is flatter than the medial arch and lies on the ground when standing. It is formed by the calcaneus, cuboid, and the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones.

Question 10

Lateral Arch Support: Muscular

Answer 10

Muscular support for the lateral arch includes fibularis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and intrinsic foot muscles.

Question 11

Lateral Arch Support: Ligamentous

Answer 11

Ligamentous support for the lateral arch includes the long plantar, short plantar, and plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments.

Question 12

Lateral Arch Support: Bony and Other

Answer 12

Bony support comes from the shape of the bones of the arch. Other support is provided by the plantar aponeurosis.

Question 13

Transverse Arch

Answer 13

The transverse arch is located in the coronal plane of the foot, formed by the metatarsal bases, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones.

Question 14

Transverse Arch Support: Muscular

Answer 14

Muscular support for the transverse arch includes fibularis longus and tibialis posterior.

Question 15

Transverse Arch Support: Ligamentous

Answer 15

Ligamentous support for the transverse arch includes the long plantar, short plantar, plantar calcaneonavicular ligaments, and deep transverse metatarsal ligaments.

Question 16

Transverse Arch Support: Bony and Other

Answer 16

Bony support comes from the wedged shape of the bones of the arch. Other support is provided by the plantar aponeurosis.

Question 17

Pes Cavus (High Arches)

Answer 17

Pes cavus is a condition characterized by an unusually high medial longitudinal arch, leading to diminished shock absorption during walking and increased stress on the ball and heel of the foot.

Question 18

Symptoms of Pes Cavus

Answer 18

Symptoms of pes cavus include foot pain that may radiate to the ankle, leg, thigh, and hip. The pain results from stress on the hindfoot during the gait cycle.

Question 19

Causes of Pes Cavus

Answer 19

Pes cavus can be idiopathic, hereditary, due to congenital foot problems (e.g., club foot), or secondary to neuromuscular damage (e.g., poliomyelitis).

Question 20

Treatment for Pes Cavus

Answer 20

Treatment for pes cavus typically involves special shoes, sole cushioning inserts, and weight reduction to alleviate symptoms.

Question 21

Pes Planus (Flat Foot)

Answer 21

Pes planus, or flat-footedness, is a condition in which the longitudinal arches are lost. Flat feet during infancy are normal, as arches form between ages 2-3.

Question 22

Causes of Pes Planus

Answer 22

Pes planus can occur due to damage to the tendons or because the arches never developed. It may also result from direct injury or trauma.

Question 23

Symptoms of Pes Planus

Answer 23

Pes planus usually causes no symptoms in adults but may lead to foot and ankle pain in children or aching after prolonged activity in adults.

Question 24

Treatment for Pes Planus

Answer 24

Treatment for pes planus generally involves the use of arch-supporting inserts for shoes.