Muscles of foot

Question 1

name muscles in dorsum of foot (nerves and fxn)

Answer 1

• extensor digitorum brevis
  
  • innerv: deep fibular
  • fxn: extends toes
• extenosr hallucis brevis
  
  • innerv: deep fibular
  • fxn: extends big toe

Question 2

name muscles in sole of foot (first layer)

Answer 2

• abductor hallcuis
  
  • innerv: medial plantar
  • fxn: abducts big toe
• flexor digitorum brevis
  
  • innerv: medial plantar
  • fxn: flexes middle phalanges of 4 lateral toes
• abductor digiti minimi
  
  • innerv: lateral plantar
  • fxn: abducts little toe

Question 3

name muscles in sole of foot (second layer)

Answer 3

• quadratus plantae
  
  • innerv: lateral plantar
  • fxn: flexes toe
• lumbricals (4)
  
  • innerv of 1st: medial plantar
  • innerv of lateral 3: lateral plantar
  • fxn: flex metatarsophalangeal joints and extend IP joints

Question 4

name muscles in sole of foot (third layer)

Answer 4

• flexor hallucis brevis
  
  • innerv: medial plantar
  • fxn: flexes big toe
• adductor hallucis
  
  • innerv: lateral plantar
  • fxn: adducts big toe
• flexor digiti minimi brevis
  
  • innerv: lateral plantar
  • fxn: flexes little toe

Question 5

name the muscles in sole of foot (fourth layer)

Answer 5

• plantar interossei (3) (PAd)
  
  • innerv: lateral plantar
  • fxn: adducts toes, flex proximal and extend distal phalanges
• dorsal interossei (4) (DAb)
  
  • innerv: lateral plantar
  • fxn: abducts toes, flex proximal and extend distal phalanges

Question 6

describe lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 6

• L2-L3
• skin on anterior and lateral aspects of thigh
• affected by compression of inguinal ligament (wearing heavy gun belt, tight pants, etc.)
  
  • meralgia paresthetica

Question 7

describe clunial nerves

Answer 7

cutaneous innervation to skin of gluteal region

Question 8

describe posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 8

• S1-S3
• enters buttock through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
• innervates skin of buttock, thigh, calf, scrotum and labium majora

Question 9

lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Answer 9

• arises from common fibular nerve in the popliteal fossa
  
  • innervates skin on the posterolateral side of the leg

Question 10

describe the saphenous nerve

Answer 10

• arises from the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle and goes through the adductor canal
  
  • innervates skin on medial side of leg and foot
  • vulnerable to injury during surgery to repair varicose veins

Question 11

descibe the medial sural cutaneous nerve

Answer 11

• arises from tibial nerve
  
  • innervates skin on back of leg and lateral side of ankle, heel and foot

Question 12

describe the sural nerve

Answer 12

• formed by the union of medial and lateral sural nerves
  
  • innervates skin on back of leg and lateral side of ankgle, heel and foot
  • often used for nerve grafting procedures

Question 13

describe the superficial fibular nerve

Answer 13

• skin on medial and lateral side of foot, ankle and big toe & adjacent sides of 2nd, 3rd 4th and 5th toes