Muscles & Nerves

Question 1

8. Which one of the following actions is not associated with the anterior muscle compartment of the arm?
   a. Supination of the superior radio-ulnar joint
   b. Flexion of the shoulder joint
   c. Flexion of the elbow joint
   d. Adduction of the shoulder joint
   e. Pronation of the superior radio-ulnar joint

Answer 1

Correct answer: e.

Question 2

10. Which one of the following muscle compartment - action pairs is incorrect?
    a. Posterior compartment of thigh – flexion of knee joint
    b. Medial compartment of thigh – adduction of hip joint
    c. Anterior compartment of thigh – flexion of hip joint
    d. Anterior compartment of leg – extension (dorsiflexion) of ankle joint
    e. Lateral compartment of leg – inversion of foot

Answer 2

Correct answer: e.

Question 3

11. Concerning the distribution of a typical spinal nerve, which one of the following statements is incorrect?
    a. The dorsal root contains sensory nerve fibres
    b. The ventral ramus contains sensory and motor nerve fibres
    c. Limb nerve plexuses are formed by the ventral rami
    d. The dorsal ramus contains sensory and motor nerve fibres
    e. The ventral root contains motor and sensory fibres

Answer 3

Correct answer: e.

Question 4

12. Concerning the brachial plexus, which one of the following statements is incorrect?
    a. It is formed from the ventral rami of spinal nerve roots C5-T1
    b. Its cords are located in the axilla
    c. It supplies both sensory and motor fibres to the upper limb
    d. It supplies only the anterior muscle compartments of the upper limb
    e. Its axillary and radial nerve branches arise from the posterior cord

Answer 4

Correct answer: d.

Question 5

1. What is a dermatome?

Answer 5

• Area of skin where sensory innervation is supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 6

1. What are the differences in function that a muscle having a long tendon has rather than a short tendon?

Answer 6

Less power over a greater distance and even around corners

Question 7

1. What type of muscle is found in the diaphragm and what happens to the shape of the diaphragm when contracted?

Answer 7

• Skeletal dome muscle. Dome flattens.

Question 8

1. Name the layers of muscles in the abdomen and what are their main functions?

Answer 8

• External oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis and rectus abdominis. Raise abdominal pressure, can also laterally rotate and flex the trunk.

Question 9

1. What is the primary function of the deep muscles closely related to the shoulder joint?

Answer 9

• Stabilise the glenohumeral joint, and hold the humeral head in close tight contact with the scapula, to allow other muscles to function without destabilising the joint.

Question 10

1. At what vertebral level does the spinal cord terminate?

Answer 10

• L1/L2

Question 11

1. What lies in the dorsal root ganglia?

Answer 11

• Cell bodies of sensory pseudounipolar neurons

Question 12

8. Name the 3 layers of meninges? What are their function?

Answer 12

• Dura mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater. Protection, secretion of CSF.

Question 13

8. How do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

Answer 13

• Through the intervertebral foramen

Question 14

8. How do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

Answer 14

• Through the intervertebral foramen

Question 15

8. Muscles arranged in the same compartment (e.g. the anterior compartment of the forearm) share what?

Answer 15

• Nerve supply and function