Muscles Lower Limb

Question 1

Tendon of which muscles form the pes anserinus?

Answer 1

1.Sartorius muscle
2.Semitendinosus muscle
3.Gracilis muscle

Question 2

What muscle groups are found around the femur?

Answer 2

• Anterior part = Extensor group
  1.Sartorius muscle
  2.Quadriceps femoris muscle
• Posterior part = Flexor group
  1.Biceps femoris
  2.Semimembranosus
  3.Semitendinosus
• Medial part = Adductor group
  1.Pectineus
  2.Gracilis
  3.Adductor longus/brevis/magnus/minimus
  (adductor minimus is the upper division of adductor magnus)

Question 3

What forms the proximal border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 3

• Inguinal ligament

Question 4

What forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 4

• Sartorius muscle

Question 5

What forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

Answer 5

• Adductor longus

Question 6

Which muscle form the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 6

• Pectineus muscle
• lliopsoas
• Adductor Longus

Question 7

Name the parts of of the retroinguinal space.(subinguinal hiatus)

Answer 7

Medial to Lateral

• Lacuna lymphatica
  Lymphatic vessel
• Lacuna vasorum
  1. Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
  2. Femoral artery
  3. Femoral vein
• Lacuna musculonervosa
  1.lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  2.Iliopsoas(psoas major and iliacus muscle)
  3.femoral nerve

Question 8

Name the items passing through lacuna musculonervosa.

Answer 8

1. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
2. Iliopsoas(psoas major and iliacus muscle)
3. femoral nerve

Question 9

Name the structures that pass through lacuna vasorum.

Answer 9

1.Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
2.Femoral artery
3.Femoral vein

Question 10

List the items passing through lacuna lymphatica seu herniosa.

Answer 10

Lymph vessels and we find Rosenmüller’s lymph node

Question 11

Name the abdominal opening of the femoral canal

Answer 11

Deep Femoral ring

Question 12

Name the superficial opening of the femoral canal

Answer 12

Saphenous hiatus

Question 13

Which muscles form the proximal border of the popliteal fossa.

Answer 13

Proximal medial : semtendinosus, semimembranosus
Proximal lateral : long head of biceps femoris

Question 14

Which muscles form the distal border of the popliteal fossa.

Answer 14

distal medial : gastrocnemius medial head
distal lateral : gastrocnemius lateral head, plantaris m

Question 15

List the internal hip muscle.

Answer 15

1.Iliopsoas muscle (iliacus m, psoas major, psoas minor)
2.Piriformis
3.Obturator internus

Question 16

List the external muscles of the hip

Answer 16

1.Gluteus maximus
2.Gluteus medius
3.Gluteus minimus
4.Obturator externus
5.Gemellus superior
6.Gemellus inferior
7.Quadratus femoris
8.Tensor facia latae

Question 17

• Name the muscles which is involved in the formation of the adductor hiatus.

Answer 17

• Adductor Magnus

Question 18

What is the crural chiasm?

Answer 18

It’s the crossing point of the tendon of
Tibialis posterior and Flexor digitorum longus muscle.

Question 19

What is the plantar chiasm?

Answer 19

It’s the crossing point of the tendons of Flexor digitorum longus and Flexor hallucis
longus.

Question 20

Name the muscles that form the medial plantar eminence.

Answer 20

1. Abductor hallucis m
2. Flexor hallucis brevis (medial/lateral head)
3. Adductor hallucis m (oblique/transverse head)

Question 21

Name the muscles that form the lateral plantar eminece.

Answer 21

1.Abductor digiti minimi
2.Flexor digiti minimi brevis
3.Opponens digiti minimi

Question 22

Which muscle group of the foot does the flexor digitorum brevis belong to ?

Answer 22

Intermediate plantar eminence group

Question 23

Which muscle group of the foot do the lumbrical muscles belong to?

Answer 23

Intermediate plantar eminence group

Question 24

List the superficial flexors of the leg.

Answer 24

1.Triceps surae (Gastrocnemius medial head/lateral head/Soleus)
2.Plantaris

Question 25

List the deep flexors of the leg

Answer 25

1.Tibialis posterior m
2.Flexor hallcius longus m
3.Flexor digitorum longus m
4. popliteus m