Muscles Leavers List Flashcards
functions of blood (3)
- transportation
- protection
- regulation
what does blood regulate? (3)
- blood PH
- body temperature
- water balance
components of blood?
solid portion suspended in plasma, the watery extracellular matrix
blood plasma (3)
- non living
- clear/straw colored
- liquid portion
albumins (3)
-plasma protein
-maintain osmotic pressure
%54-60
globulins (2)
- plasma protein
- transportation molecules
fibrinogen (5)
- plasma protein
- smallest % of plasma
- largest in size
- plays essential role in homeostasis (seals skin)
- soluble
erythrocytes (4)
- simple non nucleated cells
- contain protein hemoglobin carries oxygen
- biconcave disc
- strong flexible cell membrane
why are red blood cells helpful in diagnosing individuals?
-predict healing capacity (oxygen carrying capacity)
leukocytes (4)
- white blood cells
- pale/colorless
- nucleated
- lack hemoglobin
thrombocytes (3)
- “platelets”
- instrumental cessation of hemorrhage
- giant megakaryocytes spinter into 2-3k irregular disc shaped cells
thrombocytosis vs thrombocytopenia
- thrombocytosis: abnormal increase in circulating platelets
- thrombocytopenia: abnormal decrease in circulating platelets
what is hematopoiesis? (2)
- production of the formed elements of the blood
- occurs primarily in the red bone marrow
erythropoiesis (4)
- production of red blood cells
- 1 to 3 days to complete
- red bone marrow
- negative feedback loop using erythropoietin
characteristics of full blood? (4)
- 38C (100.4F)
- bright red: fully saturated hemoglobin
- dark red/crimson: unsaturated hemoglobin
- 8% of individuals total body mass
erythrocyte life span
- 120 days
- breakdown leads to excretory substance/pigment
- RBCs removed by splenic macrophages
breakdown of non-iron hemoglobin molecules
#1 biliverdin (green) #2 bilirubin (yellow)
granular leukocytes (5)
- twice the size of RBC
- red bone marrow
- 24 hour life cycle
- 3 types: neutrophils (first to arrive), eosinphils, basophils
agranular leukocytes (2)
- 2 types
- monocytes & lymphocytes
monocyte (4)
- agranular leukocyte
- kidney shaped nucleus
- second to arrive
- greater numbers than neutrophils
lymphocyte (4)
- agranular leukocyte
- responsible for immunity
- not phagocytic
- constantly recirculate, can re-enter bloodstream
function of white blood cells
-must be able to circulate throughout bloodstream and enter sites of tissue injury
hematocrit
-% of blood sample made up of RBCs
leukocytosis vs leukopenia
- leukocytosis: increase in circulating WBCs (greater than 10000)
- leukopenia: low number of circulating WBCs (less than 5000)
anemia
- reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood
- not disease, indication of other conditions
polycythemia
-abnormally high hematocrit
thromubs, embolus, embolism
- thromubs: stationary blood clot
- embolus: moving blood clot, undissolved matter
- embolism: resting place of moving blood clot
blood type is determined by?
- outer surface of erythrocytes cell membrane present genetically determined assortment of antigens
- only A antigen= blood type A
- only B antigen= blood type B
- universal recipients= blood type AB
- universal donor= blood type O
serum antibodies
immune system produces antibodies against foreign antigens
transfusion reaction
reaction to mixing incompatible blood types
RH positive (2)
- erythrocytes present with RH antigen
- never produce anti-RH antigen
RH negative (2)
- erythrocytes do not present with RH antigen
- produce anti-RH antibodies after exposure to RH+ blood
hemostasis (2)
- sequence of naturally-occurring tissue responses that serve to stop bleeding
- 3 mechanisms
1. Vasospam
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Coagulation
vasospam
smooth muscle immediately contracts
platelet plug formation (2)
- platelets adhesion occurs as platelets contact and stick to collagen fibers
- platelets adhere to each other aggregating
coagulation
- clotting
- clot= network of insoluble fibrin threads
- complex biochemical cascade
- culminates in formation of insoluble fibrin threads
