Muscles Leavers List

Question 1

functions of blood (3)

Answer 1

• transportation
• protection
• regulation

Question 2

what does blood regulate? (3)

Answer 2

• blood PH
• body temperature
• water balance

Question 3

components of blood?

Answer 3

solid portion suspended in plasma, the watery extracellular matrix

Question 4

blood plasma (3)

Answer 4

• non living
• clear/straw colored
• liquid portion

Question 5

albumins (3)

Answer 5

-plasma protein
-maintain osmotic pressure
%54-60

Question 6

globulins (2)

Answer 6

• plasma protein

- transportation molecules

Question 7

fibrinogen (5)

Answer 7

• plasma protein
• smallest % of plasma
• largest in size
• plays essential role in homeostasis (seals skin)
• soluble

Question 8

erythrocytes (4)

Answer 8

• simple non nucleated cells
• contain protein hemoglobin carries oxygen
• biconcave disc
• strong flexible cell membrane

Question 9

why are red blood cells helpful in diagnosing individuals?

Answer 9

-predict healing capacity (oxygen carrying capacity)

Question 10

leukocytes (4)

Answer 10

• white blood cells
• pale/colorless
• nucleated
• lack hemoglobin

Question 11

thrombocytes (3)

Answer 11

• “platelets”
• instrumental cessation of hemorrhage
• giant megakaryocytes spinter into 2-3k irregular disc shaped cells

Question 12

thrombocytosis vs thrombocytopenia

Answer 12

• thrombocytosis: abnormal increase in circulating platelets
• thrombocytopenia: abnormal decrease in circulating platelets

Question 13

what is hematopoiesis? (2)

Answer 13

• production of the formed elements of the blood

- occurs primarily in the red bone marrow

Question 14

erythropoiesis (4)

Answer 14

• production of red blood cells
• 1 to 3 days to complete
• red bone marrow
• negative feedback loop using erythropoietin

Question 15

characteristics of full blood? (4)

Answer 15

• 38C (100.4F)
• bright red: fully saturated hemoglobin
• dark red/crimson: unsaturated hemoglobin
• 8% of individuals total body mass

Question 16

erythrocyte life span

Answer 16

• 120 days
• breakdown leads to excretory substance/pigment
• RBCs removed by splenic macrophages

Question 17

breakdown of non-iron hemoglobin molecules

Answer 17

#1 biliverdin (green)
#2 bilirubin (yellow)

Question 18

granular leukocytes (5)

Answer 18

• twice the size of RBC
• red bone marrow
• 24 hour life cycle
• 3 types: neutrophils (first to arrive), eosinphils, basophils

Question 19

agranular leukocytes (2)

Answer 19

• 2 types

- monocytes & lymphocytes

Question 20

monocyte (4)

Answer 20

• agranular leukocyte
• kidney shaped nucleus
• second to arrive
• greater numbers than neutrophils

Question 21

lymphocyte (4)

Answer 21

• agranular leukocyte
• responsible for immunity
• not phagocytic
• constantly recirculate, can re-enter bloodstream

Question 22

function of white blood cells

Answer 22

-must be able to circulate throughout bloodstream and enter sites of tissue injury

Question 23

hematocrit

Answer 23

-% of blood sample made up of RBCs

Question 24

leukocytosis vs leukopenia

Answer 24

• leukocytosis: increase in circulating WBCs (greater than 10000)
• leukopenia: low number of circulating WBCs (less than 5000)

Question 25

anemia

Answer 25

• reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood

- not disease, indication of other conditions

Question 26

polycythemia

Answer 26

-abnormally high hematocrit

Question 27

thromubs, embolus, embolism

Answer 27

• thromubs: stationary blood clot
• embolus: moving blood clot, undissolved matter
• embolism: resting place of moving blood clot

Question 28

blood type is determined by?

Answer 28

• outer surface of erythrocytes cell membrane present genetically determined assortment of antigens
• only A antigen= blood type A
• only B antigen= blood type B
• universal recipients= blood type AB
• universal donor= blood type O

Question 29

serum antibodies

Answer 29

immune system produces antibodies against foreign antigens

Question 30

transfusion reaction

Answer 30

reaction to mixing incompatible blood types

Question 31

RH positive (2)

Answer 31

• erythrocytes present with RH antigen

- never produce anti-RH antigen

Question 32

RH negative (2)

Answer 32

• erythrocytes do not present with RH antigen

- produce anti-RH antibodies after exposure to RH+ blood

Question 33

hemostasis (2)

Answer 33

• sequence of naturally-occurring tissue responses that serve to stop bleeding
• 3 mechanisms
  1. Vasospam
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Coagulation

Question 34

vasospam

Answer 34

smooth muscle immediately contracts

Question 35

platelet plug formation (2)

Answer 35

• platelets adhesion occurs as platelets contact and stick to collagen fibers
• platelets adhere to each other aggregating

Question 36

coagulation

Answer 36

• clotting
• clot= network of insoluble fibrin threads
• complex biochemical cascade
• culminates in formation of insoluble fibrin threads