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Anatomy: Exam 2 (Muscles) > Muscles: Face, Scalp, Neck! Shoulder, Back, Chest and Abdomen. > Flashcards

Muscles: Face, Scalp, Neck! Shoulder, Back, Chest and Abdomen. Flashcards

1
Q

What does Galea Aponeurotica (1) do?

A

Big stretchy scalp muscle (white) which MOVES THE SCALP.

A component of the epicranius that contains a frontal belly and an occipital belly.

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2
Q

Sphincter muscles have the ability to _____________ and _____________.

A

Dilate and constrict.

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3
Q

The eye sphincter is called…and it does….

A

Orbicularis oculi (round eye muscle sphincter).

Allows squinting. Close eye tightly or gently.

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4
Q

The lip sphincter is called…and it does…

A

Orbicularis oris.

Kissing!

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5
Q

The scalp muscle (x2) that lowers and raises the jaw is called…

A

Temporalis (side).

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6
Q

How many main muscles move the face?

A

11!

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7
Q

Cranial nerve 7 (VII) does what and where is it?

A

Helps move the face.

5 branched nerve that innervates (innervate: to supply nerves to a body part) the 11 main facial muscles, inserting into the SKIN (rather than muscles) to do/create facial expressions.

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8
Q

Levator anguli oris does…

A

Corner of the mouth elevation.

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9
Q

Zygomaticus major does…

A

Smiling and laughing actions.

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10
Q

Zygomaticus minor does the action…

A

Raise upper lips in sadness (pout).

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11
Q

Levator labii superioris does the action…

A

Snarl!

Deepens nasolabial salcus (side mouth folds/smile lines) mimicking Elvis’ expression.

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12
Q

Depressor labii inferioris does…

A

Draws lips laterally (down and foreword): awkward, *impatient look.

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13
Q

Risorius does…

A

Grin.

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14
Q

Platysma does…

A

Draws mouth inferior (grimace or horror).

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15
Q

We chew gum with the facial muscle called…?

A

Buccinator!

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16
Q

Mastication means…?

A

Chewing.

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17
Q

What 4 muscles of mastication create chewing? Which do side to side motions for grinding and which do up and down motions as primary movers?

A

Side to side: pterygoids (“teragoids” lateral and medial) and buccinator. *grinding

Up and down: temporalis and masseter.
*prime movers

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18
Q

Related to TMJ jaw issues, cranial nerve number ? a.k.a. the trigeminal nerve innervates (supplies nerves to) the mastication muscles to chew:

A

Cranial nerve 5 (V).

Three branched brain nerve called “trigeminal”.

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19
Q

3 tongue muscles that anchor and move the tongue are called…

A

Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus

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20
Q

The 3 tongue muscles are innervated by cranial nerve number ? also known as the hypoglossal nerve…

A

Cranial nerve 12 (XII) a.k.a. hypoglossal nerve.

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21
Q

Hyo means…

A

Attached to the hyoid bone (throat).

The hyoid bone is the wishbone in a Turkey!

22
Q

Glosso or glossal means…

A

Attached to the tongue!

23
Q

Patient can’t say L S T N letters in the alphabet. What nerve is damaged for him/her?

A

Cranial nerve 12 (XII) related to the tongue a.k.a. hypoglossal nerve.

24
Q

Deep throat muscles allow us to do the action…?

A

Tongue tuck.

25
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor allows us to…

A

Sing a high note!

26
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor allows us to…?

A

Sing a normal note.

27
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor allows us to…

A

Sing a low note.

28
Q

The Adam’s apple in anatomy is called…

A

Thyroid cartilage (under is cricoid cartilage for first aid breathing hollow needle insertion of emergency airway puncture).

29
Q

Sternocleidomastoid and scalene neck muscles let us do…

A

Side (lateral) head movement.

30
Q

Scalene muscles (middle, anterior, posterior) are attached to…

A

First and second ribs.

31
Q

Tell me the significance of the Splenius Capitis as a posterior neck and throat muscle. Where is it?

A

Deep back of neck muscle: to keep the head erected. Head and neck extension (looking up).

32
Q

Name the major head flexor and what action does it do?

A

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM).

Acting alone: rotate neck contra-laterally.

Acting together: flexes and extends the neck.

33
Q

Synergists (muscles that assist the prime mover) to head flexion (looking down) are…

A

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid.

34
Q

Side (lateral) head movements are done by the muscles…

*Hint: more than 1.

A

Sternocleidomastoid and scalene (middle, anterior, posterior) muscles.

35
Q

Head extension (looking up) is accomplished by the deep ___________ muscles…

A

Deep splenius muscles (with superficial trapezius pulled down to raise the head).

36
Q

Upper back muscles (shoulders) are also known as…

A

The posterior pectoral girdle.

37
Q

3 categories of the back muscles that collapse and extend the vertebral column are called…? What do they do?

A

Superficial muscles: act on upper limb
Intermediate muscles: of the thorax to do respiration
Deep muscles: of the vertebral column

38
Q

Superficial Back Muscles

5 pairs of posterior back muscles are called…

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

What do they each do?

A

Trapezius: head extension (look up), squeeze shoulders back, STABILIZE SCAPULA, elevate and depress shoulders, rotate arm.

Latissimus dorsi: swim, medically rotate and adduct the humerus.

Levator scapulae: raise shoulders.

Rhomboid major: help straighten back.

Rhomboid minor: hold scapula in place.

39
Q

Intermediate Back Muscles

Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior

Do what?

A

Useful for deep breathing and respiration!

40
Q

Deep Back Muscles are for…?

Erector spinae or sacrospinalis: 3 columns along the vertebrae for lateral back bend. 3 ropey muscles that contract to stand up straight. They’re the prime mover of back extension.

Semispinalis: deep back extensor.

Quadratus Lumborum: deep back extensor. If removed, creates hip instability. Attached to lower rib.

A

Trunk rotation.

41
Q

Inspiration is a.k.a.

A

Air intake

42
Q

Expiration is a.k.a.

A

Expelling air

43
Q

To breath you need 4 main muscles enclosed in the thoracic cavity which are so named…?

A

Diaphragm, external intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal muscles.

44
Q

What is the most important muscle for inspiration?

A

Diaphragm!

45
Q

The muscles for inspiration are called?

A

External intercostal and diaphragm muscles.

46
Q

The muscles for expiration are called? Which muscle has the function of forced expiration?

A

Internal intercostals (forced expiration) and innermost intercostals.

47
Q

Diaphragm nerves related to respiration are called…? Where are their nerve roots located? What function do they serve?

A

Phrenic nerves with nerve roots at C3, C4, C5. Rhyme: C3, 4, and 5 keep the diaphragm alive!

48
Q

Where is the central tendon (clover leaf look) located? *Muscles of respiration

A

Center of the diaphragm!

49
Q

Hiatus means?

A

Diaphragm holes (foramens) often compared to “doorways”.

50
Q

3 diaphragm hiatuses called aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, and inferior vena cava are WHERE and do what?

Mnemonic: I ate (8) 10 eggs at 12.

A

A = Aortic hiatus: (T12) hole for aorta (body’s biggest artery).
E = Esophageal hiatus: (T10) hole for esophagus.
I = Inferior vena cava (T8): hole for inferior vena cava (body’s biggest vein).

51
Q

There are 3 scalene muscles that assist the sternocleidomastoid. Action of the anterior and middle scalenes?

A

Anterior and medial scalenes: elevate 1st rib, flex and laterally bend the neck to the same side.

52
Q

There are 3 scalene muscles that assist the sternocleidomastoid. Action of the posterior scalene muscle?

A

Posterior scalene muscle: elevate 2nd rib and tilt neck to same side.

Anatomy: Exam 2 (Muscles) (2 decks)

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