Muscles: Face, Scalp, Neck! Shoulder, Back, Chest and Abdomen. Flashcards
What does Galea Aponeurotica (1) do?
Big stretchy scalp muscle (white) which MOVES THE SCALP.
A component of the epicranius that contains a frontal belly and an occipital belly.
Sphincter muscles have the ability to _____________ and _____________.
Dilate and constrict.
The eye sphincter is called…and it does….
Orbicularis oculi (round eye muscle sphincter).
Allows squinting. Close eye tightly or gently.
The lip sphincter is called…and it does…
Orbicularis oris.
Kissing!
The scalp muscle (x2) that lowers and raises the jaw is called…
Temporalis (side).
How many main muscles move the face?
11!
Cranial nerve 7 (VII) does what and where is it?
Helps move the face.
5 branched nerve that innervates (innervate: to supply nerves to a body part) the 11 main facial muscles, inserting into the SKIN (rather than muscles) to do/create facial expressions.
Levator anguli oris does…
Corner of the mouth elevation.
Zygomaticus major does…
Smiling and laughing actions.
Zygomaticus minor does the action…
Raise upper lips in sadness (pout).
Levator labii superioris does the action…
Snarl!
Deepens nasolabial salcus (side mouth folds/smile lines) mimicking Elvis’ expression.
Depressor labii inferioris does…
Draws lips laterally (down and foreword): awkward, *impatient look.
Risorius does…
Grin.
Platysma does…
Draws mouth inferior (grimace or horror).
We chew gum with the facial muscle called…?
Buccinator!
Mastication means…?
Chewing.
What 4 muscles of mastication create chewing? Which do side to side motions for grinding and which do up and down motions as primary movers?
Side to side: pterygoids (“teragoids” lateral and medial) and buccinator. *grinding
Up and down: temporalis and masseter.
*prime movers
Related to TMJ jaw issues, cranial nerve number ? a.k.a. the trigeminal nerve innervates (supplies nerves to) the mastication muscles to chew:
Cranial nerve 5 (V).
Three branched brain nerve called “trigeminal”.
3 tongue muscles that anchor and move the tongue are called…
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
The 3 tongue muscles are innervated by cranial nerve number ? also known as the hypoglossal nerve…
Cranial nerve 12 (XII) a.k.a. hypoglossal nerve.
Hyo means…
Attached to the hyoid bone (throat).
The hyoid bone is the wishbone in a Turkey!
Glosso or glossal means…
Attached to the tongue!
Patient can’t say L S T N letters in the alphabet. What nerve is damaged for him/her?
Cranial nerve 12 (XII) related to the tongue a.k.a. hypoglossal nerve.
Deep throat muscles allow us to do the action…?
Tongue tuck.
Superior pharyngeal constrictor allows us to…
Sing a high note!
Middle pharyngeal constrictor allows us to…?
Sing a normal note.
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor allows us to…
Sing a low note.
The Adam’s apple in anatomy is called…
Thyroid cartilage (under is cricoid cartilage for first aid breathing hollow needle insertion of emergency airway puncture).
Sternocleidomastoid and scalene neck muscles let us do…
Side (lateral) head movement.
Scalene muscles (middle, anterior, posterior) are attached to…
First and second ribs.
Tell me the significance of the Splenius Capitis as a posterior neck and throat muscle. Where is it?
Deep back of neck muscle: to keep the head erected. Head and neck extension (looking up).
Name the major head flexor and what action does it do?
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM).
Acting alone: rotate neck contra-laterally.
Acting together: flexes and extends the neck.
Synergists (muscles that assist the prime mover) to head flexion (looking down) are…
Suprahyoid and infrahyoid.
Side (lateral) head movements are done by the muscles…
*Hint: more than 1.
Sternocleidomastoid and scalene (middle, anterior, posterior) muscles.
Head extension (looking up) is accomplished by the deep ___________ muscles…
Deep splenius muscles (with superficial trapezius pulled down to raise the head).
Upper back muscles (shoulders) are also known as…
The posterior pectoral girdle.
3 categories of the back muscles that collapse and extend the vertebral column are called…? What do they do?
Superficial muscles: act on upper limb
Intermediate muscles: of the thorax to do respiration
Deep muscles: of the vertebral column
Superficial Back Muscles
5 pairs of posterior back muscles are called…
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
What do they each do?
Trapezius: head extension (look up), squeeze shoulders back, STABILIZE SCAPULA, elevate and depress shoulders, rotate arm.
Latissimus dorsi: swim, medically rotate and adduct the humerus.
Levator scapulae: raise shoulders.
Rhomboid major: help straighten back.
Rhomboid minor: hold scapula in place.
Intermediate Back Muscles
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior inferior
Do what?
Useful for deep breathing and respiration!
Deep Back Muscles are for…?
Erector spinae or sacrospinalis: 3 columns along the vertebrae for lateral back bend. 3 ropey muscles that contract to stand up straight. They’re the prime mover of back extension.
Semispinalis: deep back extensor.
Quadratus Lumborum: deep back extensor. If removed, creates hip instability. Attached to lower rib.
Trunk rotation.
Inspiration is a.k.a.
Air intake
Expiration is a.k.a.
Expelling air
To breath you need 4 main muscles enclosed in the thoracic cavity which are so named…?
Diaphragm, external intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal muscles.
What is the most important muscle for inspiration?
Diaphragm!
The muscles for inspiration are called?
External intercostal and diaphragm muscles.
The muscles for expiration are called? Which muscle has the function of forced expiration?
Internal intercostals (forced expiration) and innermost intercostals.
Diaphragm nerves related to respiration are called…? Where are their nerve roots located? What function do they serve?
Phrenic nerves with nerve roots at C3, C4, C5. Rhyme: C3, 4, and 5 keep the diaphragm alive!
Where is the central tendon (clover leaf look) located? *Muscles of respiration
Center of the diaphragm!
Hiatus means?
Diaphragm holes (foramens) often compared to “doorways”.
3 diaphragm hiatuses called aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, and inferior vena cava are WHERE and do what?
Mnemonic: I ate (8) 10 eggs at 12.
A = Aortic hiatus: (T12) hole for aorta (body’s biggest artery).
E = Esophageal hiatus: (T10) hole for esophagus.
I = Inferior vena cava (T8): hole for inferior vena cava (body’s biggest vein).
There are 3 scalene muscles that assist the sternocleidomastoid. Action of the anterior and middle scalenes?
Anterior and medial scalenes: elevate 1st rib, flex and laterally bend the neck to the same side.
There are 3 scalene muscles that assist the sternocleidomastoid. Action of the posterior scalene muscle?
Posterior scalene muscle: elevate 2nd rib and tilt neck to same side.
