Muscles And Nerves: Thorax, Pelvic Floor, Shoulder, Hand, Brachial Plexus. Flashcards

1
Q

Show on the “snowflake” anterolateral abdomen wall diagram, where the muscle fibers point in external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and rectus abdominis muscles.

A

/ = internal oblique
\ = external oblique
- = transverse abdominis
| = rectus abdominis

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2
Q

2 sphincter muscles control urination and defecation called…?

A

Sphincter urethrae and external anal sphincter.

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3
Q

Ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus assist in doing the action…?

A

Erection of the penis and clitoris.

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4
Q

*Superficial pelvic muscle diagram. What do they do?

A
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5
Q

*Muscles acting on the shoulder and upper limb. What do they do?

A
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6
Q

Compartment syndrome. What is it?

A

High internal muscle pressure that restricts/cuts blood circulation and creates pain.

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7
Q

Muscles acting on the shoulder. Origin and insertion are where?

A

Originate: axial skeleton.
Insert: clavicle and scapula.

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8
Q

What does the clavicle do and what does the scapula do?

A

Clavicle: braces and control shoulder movement.
Scapula: big shoulder movements!

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9
Q

What are the 2 axial muscles acting on the arm?

A

Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi

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10
Q

How many muscles cross the shoulder joint and insert at the humerus?

A

9.

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11
Q

7 muscle names acting on the arm?

A

What do the *deltoids, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, biceps brachii, *coracobrachialis, *teres major, *4 rotator cuff “SITS” muscles each do?

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12
Q

Part of a group of muscles that are easily damaged, what is this specific muscle named?

A

Supraspinitis.

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13
Q

What muscle is this picture?

A

Infraspinitis *part of SITS rotator cuff

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14
Q

Called?

A

Teres minor.

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15
Q

Identify:

A

Subscapularis *one of the SITS muscle of rotator cuff.

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16
Q

What do brachioradialis muscles do?

A

Flex forearm at the elbow joint.

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17
Q

Anconeus action?

A

Anconeus muscle contraction result: extension at the elbow.

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18
Q

Pronator quadratus action?

A

Prime mover: forearm pronation.

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19
Q

Pronator teres action?

A

Assist pronator quadratus in forearm pronation.

20
Q

Supinator does what?

A

Forearm supination.

21
Q

Muscle that flexes the thumb (Pollex).

A

Flexor pollicis longus.

22
Q

Muscle that flexes the wrist (hand toward the ulna)?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris.

23
Q

Muscle that “flags down a cab (thumbs up)” flexes wrist toward radius?

A

Flexor carpi radialis.

24
Q

Muscles that flex digits?

A

Flexor digitorum.

25
Q

What muscle extends the index finger or “the E.T. finger”?

A

Extensor carpi radialis (longus = longer and brevis = shorter).

26
Q

What do deltoids do?

A

Rotate and abduct arms.

27
Q

Coracobrachialis muscle action?

A

Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint.

28
Q

What do teres major muscles do?

A

Extend and medially rotate the humerus.

29
Q

What do 4 rotator cuff SITS muscles do?

A

Reinforce shoulder joints.

30
Q

Name the line in the middle of the rectus abdominus!

A

Linea alba.

31
Q

Tell me the difference between an internal sphincter and an external sphincter!

A

Internal sphincter: you do not have control over.
External sphincter: you can control.

32
Q

If schema (poor blood flow) persists for 2-3 hours, what happens to nerves? 6 hours: what happens to muscles?

A

They die.

Nerves die after 2-3 hours of schema. Muscles die after 6 hours of schema.

33
Q

Nerves regenerate how much (measurement) per month. Electroacupuncture can grow them faster. What are nerves made of?

A

Nerves: made of fat (omegas are good for nervous system).
Nerves regenerate 1mm per month.

34
Q

Abductor digiti minimi action?

A

Pinky flexion.

35
Q

Palmar interossei does? *intrinsic hand muscles.

A

PAD = palmar adduction.

36
Q

Dorsal interossei does? *intrinsic hand muscles.

A

DAB = dorsal abduction.

37
Q

Lumbricals (mid palm muscles) do?

A

Extend fingers.

38
Q

Interossei does?

A

Abduct and adduct fingers.

39
Q

Brachial plexus does?

A

“Braided” nerve network: sends signals from cervical spinal cord feeding it into shoulder, arm, and hand (upper limb).

Brachial plexus is tucked under the cervical bone.

Upper limb weakness, numbness, or tingling = related to a brachial plexus issue.

40
Q

Brachial means?

A

Brachial = related to the arm or a structure resembling the arm.

41
Q

Plexus means?

A

Braid (in anatomy words).

42
Q

Radial nerve does?

A

Allows people to “pinch” thumb and pointer finger together!

43
Q

Axial means?

A

Around! Around an axis.

44
Q

Ulnar nerve does?

A

Sensory:

Responsible for sensation of ring and pinky finger, part of palm, and forearm underside.

45
Q

Axillary nerve does?

A

Motor and sensory:

Controls upper limb motion and feeling.

Starts at the neck. On the shoulder.

A.k.a. the circumflex nerves.

46
Q

Musculocutaneois nerve “the mama of the brachial plexus” action?

A

Motor action (motion):
Innervates (supplies a body part with nerves) the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles.

Sensory action (feeling):
Lateral forearm (anterior and posterior).

47
Q

Median nerve does?

A

Motor action:

Controls volar (palm side) motion of index finger, thumb, middle finger, half of ring finger, and nail bed.

Innervates (supplies nerves to a body part) forearm and hand flexor muscles, as well as *thumb flexion, abduction, opposition, and extension.