Muscles And Nerves: Thorax, Pelvic Floor, Shoulder, Hand, Brachial Plexus. Flashcards
Show on the “snowflake” anterolateral abdomen wall diagram, where the muscle fibers point in external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and rectus abdominis muscles.
/ = internal oblique
\ = external oblique
- = transverse abdominis
| = rectus abdominis
2 sphincter muscles control urination and defecation called…?
Sphincter urethrae and external anal sphincter.
Ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus assist in doing the action…?
Erection of the penis and clitoris.
*Superficial pelvic muscle diagram. What do they do?
*Muscles acting on the shoulder and upper limb. What do they do?
Compartment syndrome. What is it?
High internal muscle pressure that restricts/cuts blood circulation and creates pain.
Muscles acting on the shoulder. Origin and insertion are where?
Originate: axial skeleton.
Insert: clavicle and scapula.
What does the clavicle do and what does the scapula do?
Clavicle: braces and control shoulder movement.
Scapula: big shoulder movements!
What are the 2 axial muscles acting on the arm?
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi
How many muscles cross the shoulder joint and insert at the humerus?
9.
7 muscle names acting on the arm?
What do the *deltoids, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, biceps brachii, *coracobrachialis, *teres major, *4 rotator cuff “SITS” muscles each do?
Part of a group of muscles that are easily damaged, what is this specific muscle named?
Supraspinitis.
What muscle is this picture?
Infraspinitis *part of SITS rotator cuff
Called?
Teres minor.
Identify:
Subscapularis *one of the SITS muscle of rotator cuff.
What do brachioradialis muscles do?
Flex forearm at the elbow joint.
Anconeus action?
Anconeus muscle contraction result: extension at the elbow.
Pronator quadratus action?
Prime mover: forearm pronation.
Pronator teres action?
Assist pronator quadratus in forearm pronation.
Supinator does what?
Forearm supination.
Muscle that flexes the thumb (Pollex).
Flexor pollicis longus.
Muscle that flexes the wrist (hand toward the ulna)?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
Muscle that “flags down a cab (thumbs up)” flexes wrist toward radius?
Flexor carpi radialis.
Muscles that flex digits?
Flexor digitorum.
What muscle extends the index finger or “the E.T. finger”?
Extensor carpi radialis (longus = longer and brevis = shorter).
What do deltoids do?
Rotate and abduct arms.
Coracobrachialis muscle action?
Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint.
What do teres major muscles do?
Extend and medially rotate the humerus.
What do 4 rotator cuff SITS muscles do?
Reinforce shoulder joints.
Name the line in the middle of the rectus abdominus!
Linea alba.
Tell me the difference between an internal sphincter and an external sphincter!
Internal sphincter: you do not have control over.
External sphincter: you can control.
If schema (poor blood flow) persists for 2-3 hours, what happens to nerves? 6 hours: what happens to muscles?
They die.
Nerves die after 2-3 hours of schema. Muscles die after 6 hours of schema.
Nerves regenerate how much (measurement) per month. Electroacupuncture can grow them faster. What are nerves made of?
Nerves: made of fat (omegas are good for nervous system).
Nerves regenerate 1mm per month.
Abductor digiti minimi action?
Pinky flexion.
Palmar interossei does? *intrinsic hand muscles.
PAD = palmar adduction.
Dorsal interossei does? *intrinsic hand muscles.
DAB = dorsal abduction.
Lumbricals (mid palm muscles) do?
Extend fingers.
Interossei does?
Abduct and adduct fingers.
Brachial plexus does?
“Braided” nerve network: sends signals from cervical spinal cord feeding it into shoulder, arm, and hand (upper limb).
Brachial plexus is tucked under the cervical bone.
Upper limb weakness, numbness, or tingling = related to a brachial plexus issue.
Brachial means?
Brachial = related to the arm or a structure resembling the arm.
Plexus means?
Braid (in anatomy words).
Radial nerve does?
Allows people to “pinch” thumb and pointer finger together!
Axial means?
Around! Around an axis.
Ulnar nerve does?
Sensory:
Responsible for sensation of ring and pinky finger, part of palm, and forearm underside.
Axillary nerve does?
Motor and sensory:
Controls upper limb motion and feeling.
Starts at the neck. On the shoulder.
A.k.a. the circumflex nerves.
Musculocutaneois nerve “the mama of the brachial plexus” action?
Motor action (motion):
Innervates (supplies a body part with nerves) the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles.
Sensory action (feeling):
Lateral forearm (anterior and posterior).
Median nerve does?
Motor action:
Controls volar (palm side) motion of index finger, thumb, middle finger, half of ring finger, and nail bed.
Innervates (supplies nerves to a body part) forearm and hand flexor muscles, as well as *thumb flexion, abduction, opposition, and extension.
