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Med Term Review > Muscles & Bones > Flashcards

Muscles & Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Ossification

A

the formation of bone from fibrous tissue

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2
Q

Cortical bone

A

hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone; also called compact bone

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3
Q

Cancellous bone

A

lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones; also called spongy bone

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4
Q

Epiphysis

A

wide end of a long bone, which is covered with articular cartilage and composed of cancellous bone

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5
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone

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6
Q

Physis

A

cartilage segment of long bone that involves growth of the bone; also called the growth plate

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7
Q

Metaphysis

A

wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis

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8
Q

Periosteum

A

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone

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9
Q

Endosteum

A

tough, fibrous tissues that forms the lining of the medullary cavity

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10
Q

long bones

A

bones consisting of shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity (femur)

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11
Q

short bones

A

cube-shaped bones with no marrow cavity (carpal bones)

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12
Q

flat bones

A

thin, flat bones (pelvis)

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13
Q

pneumatic bones

A

sinus-containing bones (frontal bone)

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14
Q

irregular bones

A

unpaired bones (vertebrae)

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15
Q

sesamoid bones

A

small bones embedded in a tendon (patella)

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16
Q

-blasts

A

immature

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17
Q

Osteoblasts

A

immature bone cells that produce bony tissue

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18
Q

-clasts

A

break

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19
Q

Osteoclasts

A

phagocytic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of bone

20
Q

Osteocytes

A

mature osteoblasts

21
Q

What does red bone marrow produce?

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, and clotting cells.

22
Q

Hematopoietic break down

A

Hemato - blood

Poietic - pertaining to formation.

23
Q

Medullary cavity

A

inner space of bone

24
Q

What does the medullary cavity contain?

A

yellow bone marrow

25
Q

What replaces red bone marrow in adult animals?

A

yellow bone marrow

26
Q

Cartilage

A

another form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone

27
Q

Articular cartilage

A

covers the joint surfaces of bone

28
Q

Meniscus

A

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints that cushions forces applied to the joint. (canine stifle)

29
Q

Chondr/o

A

cartilage

30
Q

Articulations

A

joints

31
Q

Synarthroses

A

joint that allows no movement

32
Q

Amphirathroses

A

joint that allows slight movement

33
Q

Diarthroses

A

joint that allows free movement

34
Q

Suture (bones)

A

a jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint (typically found in skull)

35
Q

Fontanelle

A

a soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth

36
Q

Symphysis AKA cartilaginous joint

A

a joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone.
(mandibular & pelvic symphysis)

37
Q

Synovial joints

A

ball-and-socket joints
or pivot joints
or enarthrosis
or hinge joints

38
Q

Arthrodial or Condyloid joints

A

joints with oval projections that fit into a socket, such as the carpal joints

39
Q

Trochoid joints

A

pulley-shaped joints like the connection betwen the atlas to the axis

40
Q

Hinge joints allow motion in ___ or direction

A

one plane

41
Q

Gliding joints move or glide ____ each other

A

over

42
Q

Saddle joint

A

located in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb which allows primates to flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduct the thum.

43
Q

Ligament

A

band of fibrous connective tissue that connects one bone to another bone

44
Q

Tendon

A

band of fibrous connective tissues that connects muscle to bone

45
Q

Bursa

A

fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas of friction (shoulder joint)

46
Q

Synovial membrane

A

secretes synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant to make joint movement smooth

47
Q

Foramen

A

an opening in bone through which tissue passes

Med Term Review (4 decks)

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