Muscles and Muscles Tissue Last Part C

Question 1

Types of Smooth Muscle

Answer 1

Smooth muscle varies in different organs by:

Question 2

Smooth muscle varies in different organs by:

Answer 2

Fiber arrangement and organization
Innervation
Responsiveness to various stimuli

Question 3

All smooth muscle is categorized as either:

Answer 3

Unitary

Multiunit

Question 4

Unitary smooth muscle(Visceral muscles)

Answer 4

Found in all hollow organs except heart

Question 5

Possess all common of first characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 5

Arranged in opposing (longitudinal and circular) sheets

Question 6

Possess all common of second characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 6

Innervated by varicosities

Question 7

Possess all common of third characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 7

Often exhibit spontaneous action potentials

Question 8

Possess all common of fourth characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 8

Electrically coupled by gap junctions

Question 9

Possess all common of fifth characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 9

Respond to various chemical stimuli

Question 10

Multiunit smooth muscle location

Answer 10

large airways in lungs, large arteries, arrector pili muscles, and iris of eye.

Question 11

Multiunit smooth muscle (gap junction) (depolarization)

Answer 11

Very few gap junctions, and spontaneous depolarization is rare

Question 12

Similar to skeletal muscle in

first some features

Answer 12

Consists of independent muscle fibers

Question 13

Similar to skeletal muscle in

second some features

Answer 13

Innervated by autonomic nervous system, forming motor units

Question 14

Similar to skeletal muscle in

third some features

Answer 14

Graded contractions occur in response to neural stimuli that involve recruitment

Question 15

Different from skeletal muscle

Answer 15

because, like unitary smooth muscle, it is controlled by autonomic nervous system and hormones.

Question 16

Developmental Aspects of Muscle

Answer 16

All muscle tissues develop from embryonic myoblasts

Question 17

how does it form Multinucleated skeletal muscle cells

Answer 17

form by fusion of many myoblasts

Question 18

Growth factor of Developmental Aspects of Muscle

Answer 18

stimulates clustering of ACh receptors at neuromuscular junctions

Question 19

Cardiac and smooth muscle

Answer 19

myoblasts do not fuse, but develop gap junctions

Question 20

Cardiac muscle cells start

Answer 20

pumping when embryo is 3 weeks old

Question 21

Regeneration of muscle:

Answer 21

Myoblast-like skeletal muscle satellite cells have limited regenerative ability

Question 22

Cardiomyocytes

Answer 22

can divide at modest rate, but injured heart muscle is mostly replaced by connective tissue

Question 23

Smooth muscle regenerates

Answer 23

throughout life

Question 24

Cardiac and skeletal muscle can

Answer 24

lengthen and thicken in growing child

Question 25

In adults

Answer 25

leads to hypertrophy

Question 26

Muscular development in infants

Answer 26

reflects neuromuscular coordination

Question 27

Development occurs

Answer 27

head to toe, and proximal to distal

Question 28

A baby

Answer 28

can lift its head before it is able to walk

Question 29

Peak natural neural control occurs

Answer 29

midadolescence

Question 30

Athletics and training

Answer 30

can continue to improve neuromuscular control

Question 31

Difference in muscle mass between sexes:

Answer 31

Female skeletal muscle makes up 36% of body mass

Male skeletal muscle makes up 42% of body mass, primarily as a result of testosterone

Question 32

Males have greater ability

Answer 32

enlarge muscle fibers, also because of testosterone

Question 33

Body strength per unit muscle mass

Answer 33

is the same in both sexes

Question 34

Aging muscles:

Answer 34

With age, connective tissue increases, and muscle fibers decrease

Question 35

Sarcopenia

Answer 35

By age 30, loss of muscle mass begins.

Question 36

Regular exercise

Answer 36

reverses sarcopenia

Question 37

Atherosclerosis

Answer 37

may block distal arteries, leading to intermittent claudication (limping) and severe pain in leg muscles