Muscles And Movements

Question 1

What’s elevation and depression, their range and what muscles do this movement

Answer 1

Elevation - shrugging, normally move 10cm upwards, muscles used are upper fibres of trapezius and levator scapulae
Depression - drooping, moves 2cm from normal posture, muscles used are serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

Question 2

What’s protraction and retraction, their range and what muscles do this movement

Answer 2

Protraction - rounding, 5cms anterior movement, muscles used are serratus anterior and pectoralis minor
Retraction - bracing, 2cms from normal posture, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, and middle fibres of trapezius

Question 3

What’s lateral and medial rotation and what muscles do this movement

Answer 3

Lateral rotation - arm above head, muscles used are upper and lower fibres of trapezius and serratus anterior
Medial rotation - arm back to side, muscles used are the rhomboids, pectoralis minor and levator scapulae

Question 4

What muscles act on the shoulder girdle

Answer 4

Subclavius 
Pectoralis minor 
Serratus anterior 
Trapezius 
Levator scapulae 
Rhomboid major and minor

Question 5

What are the actions of the trapezius

Answer 5

Upper fibres
- Elevation of shoulder girdle, lateral flexion of neck and both together extend neck
Middle fibres
- retraction of shoulder girdle
Lower fibres
- depression of scapula against resistance,
Upper and lower fibres together (with serratus anterior)
- lateral rotation of scapula to increase range of movement of upper limb

Question 6

Shoulder girdle important info

Answer 6

Increases range of activity of upper limb by changing the position of glenoid fossa, relative to chest wall.
The clavicle holds the shoulder away from the chest wall