Bomes And Joints

Question 1

Explain the shoulder girdle

Answer 1

Bones 
- scapula (shoulder blade) 
- clavicle (collar bone)
Joints 
- acromioclavicular joint 
- sternoclavicular joint 
- scapulo-thoracic junction

Question 2

Classify the clavicle

Answer 2

“S” shaped, horizontal and anterior 
medial end 
- Rounded, triangular cross-section
- Convex forwards 
- Articulates with sternum 
Lateral end 
- Broad and flattened 
- Concave fowards and articulates with acromion of scapula

Question 3

Features of clavicle

Answer 3

Deltoid tubercle
- For attachment of anterior fibres of deltoid
Trapezoid line and concord tubercle
- for the attachment of the coracoclavicular ligament
Subclavian groove
- for subclavian vessels
Costal tuberosity
- for the attachment of the costaclavicular ligament

Question 4

Classify the scapula

Answer 4

3 borders 
- medial, lateral and superior
2 angles 
- inferior and superior
2 surfaces
- costal/anterior, dorsal/posterior 
3 bony processes 
- the head, acromion process and coracoid process

Question 5

Bony features of scapula

Answer 5

Spine and acromion process 
Glenoid cavity 
Fossae 
Supraspinous 
Infraspinous 
Borders and angles 
Coracoid process 
Subscapular fossa 
Suprascapular notch

Question 6

Classify the sternum

Answer 6

Sternum 
Manubrium 
Xiphoid process 
Sternal notch = jugular notch 
Sternal angle = angle of Louis

Question 7

Explain the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 7

Synovial plane
Articular surfaces
- small oval facets on lateral clavicle and medial acromion
- covered by fibrocartilage
- intra-articular disc
Capsule
- attached to articular margins
- strengthened by fibres above and below (the acromioclavicular ligament)
Ligament
- coracoclavicular ligament
Movement - very small glides of acromion on clavicle

Question 8

Bony features of proximal humerus

Answer 8

Head And anatomical neck 
Greater/lesser tubercle 
Intertubercular sulcus 
Surgical neck 
Mid shaft 
- Deltoid tuberosity 
- Spiral (radial) groove

Question 9

Bony features of distal humerus

Answer 9

Medial/lateral supracondylar ridge 
Medial/lateral epicondyle 
Trochlea 
Capitulum 
Coronoid fossa 
Radial fossa 
Olecranon fossa

Question 10

What causes shoulder joint instability and what’s the solution of preventing it

Answer 10

Causes 
- Shallow glenoid fossa 
-  Large head of humerus 
- Loose articular capsule 
Solutions 
- Glenoid labrum 
- Ligaments 
- Rotator cuff muscles