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biol204 lab final > muscles and external anatomy > Flashcards

muscles and external anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the fins in a dogfish

A

two dorsal, one pair of pectoral, one pair of pelvic, and a caudal fin that forms the heterocercal tail

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2
Q

word for nostrils on dogfish

A

nares

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3
Q

what do the nares allow for in a dogfish

A

allow water to flow over the olfactory sac to allow for the dogfish to smell odors in the water

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4
Q

how does water enter the dogfish

A

through the mouth and the spiracle

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5
Q

what are the ampullae of lorenzini in the dogfish

A

fluid filled pits that sense both the depth (pressure) and low level electric stimuli (dark pin holes in the skin)

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6
Q

what does the lateral line in the dogfish do

A

sense vibrations and movements in the water

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7
Q

what is the cloaca in the dogfish

A

chamber between the pelvic fins. receives feces and urine as well as the products of the reproductive systems.

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8
Q

what is the opening of the cloaca in dogfish

A

cloacal vent

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9
Q

what is dioecious

A

testes and sperm are males, ovaries and eggs are female. this doesnt change over their lifetime

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10
Q

what are claspers in the dogfish

A

found on male dogfish. male will insert them into the females.

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11
Q

what is the auditory meatus in the pigeon

A

part of the external ear that is covered by feathers

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12
Q

what is the uropygium on the pigeon

A

tail feathers project out of the uropygium, most posterior part of the body

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13
Q

what is on the ventral side of the uropygium in the pigeon

A

cloaca

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14
Q

what does the uropygial gland do on the pigeon

A

secretes oil, looks like bump with opening

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15
Q

what does the double pouch on the rat hold

A

pouch is called the scrotum, it contains the testes

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16
Q

in female rats what do they have under the lines of nipples

A

mammary gland

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17
Q

smooth muscle

A

usually develops from splanchnic hypomere mesoderm or embryonic mesenchyme.
forms visceral or involuntary muscles of structures like blood vessles and the gut.
smooth muscle has single nucleus, and are not striated.

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18
Q

skeletal muscle

A 
sometimes called striated muscle. 
striped appearance. 
derived from myotome epimere mesoderm. 
usually voluntary muscle 
cells have many nuclei, are long, cylindrical, and unbranched
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19
Q

cardiac muscle

A

only found in the heart.
derived from splanchnic hypomere mesoderm
striated, each cell has one nucleus, cells are branched
are linked by intercalated discs

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20
Q

abductors

A

move away from ventral line of body

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21
Q

adductors

A

move towards ventral midline of body

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22
Q

flexors

A

reduces the angle between two body parts

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23
Q

extensors

A

increase angle btwn two body parts

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24
Q

protractors

A

move limb forward (toward anterior)

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25
Q

retractor

A

move limb backward (towards posterior)

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26
Q

levators

A

raise a body part

27
Q

depressor

A

lowers body part

28
Q

points of attachment for muscle

A

orgin (fixed structure)

insertion (relatively mobile)

29
Q

how do muscles attach to site of insertion on bone or cartiledge

A

tendons

30
Q

what do liagments connect

A

bone and bone

31
Q

where do the muscles of the skeleton develop from

A

myotomes

32
Q

in the head region somites are reduced and may not be segmented, what is this called

A

somitomeres

33
Q

what do somitomeres give rise to

A 
branchiomeric muscles (attach to pharyngeal arches of splanchnocranium) 
extrinsic muscles of the eye
34
Q

group of muscles that supply the jaw

A

hypobranchial muscles

35
Q

where do axial muscles of trunk arise from

A

myotomes of the somites of the trunk region. form skeletal muscles of trunk and tail

36
Q

division of axial muscles in gnathostomes

A

divided by horizontal septum

divided into dorsal epaxial and ventral hypaxial muscles

37
Q

where do appendicular muscles arise from

A

myotomes of the somites of the trunk region

38
Q

what is the orgin of the eye muscles

A

cartilagenous wall of orbit

39
Q

insertion of eye muscles

A

eyeball

40
Q

division of muscles of eye

A

oblique muscles and rectus muscles

41
Q

two oblique muscles

A

superior oblique

inferior oblique

42
Q

four rectus muscles

A

superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus

43
Q

jaw muscles associated with _______

A

first pharyngeal arch

44
Q

adductor mandibulae

A

large muscle below spiracle, closes mouth

45
Q

intermandibularis muscles

A

on ventral surface, originates on meckles cartiledge and inserts on central raphe.
elevates the floor of mouth for swallowing

46
Q

hypobranchial muscles

A

form the throat and jaw

47
Q

coracoarcual muscles

A

ventral to the gills, attached to coracoid bar of the pectoral girdle. opens the mouth

48
Q

what separates the myomeres

A

myosepta

49
Q

epaxial muscles

A

dorsal to horizontal septum and hypaxial muscles are ventral to it

50
Q

ventral hypaxial muscles meet at midline forming a raphe called _____

A

linea alba

51
Q

muscles at base of pectoral fin

A

pectoral abductor and pectoral adductor

52
Q

mylohyoideus

A

wraps from ventral part of neck over hyoid process

53
Q

temporalis muscle

A

lateral to the eye

54
Q

muscles of the wing

A

biceps brachii, triceps brachii, latissiums dorsi

55
Q

what large muscle adducts the wing

A

pectoralis

56
Q

what muscle abducts the wing

A

supracoracoideus

57
Q

digastric muscles

A

depressing the lower jaw

58
Q

sternohyoid

A

originates the sternum and inserts on the hyoid bone. lies on top of larynx

59
Q

muscle layers of hypaxial muscles (outside to inside)

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus

60
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

originates from thoracic vertebrae, inserts to humerous

61
Q

triceps brachii

A

3 muscles originating on the scapula or humerous and inserts on the olecranon process of the ulna to the forearm

62
Q

biceps brachii

A

located on anterior of forearm

63
Q

pectoralis

A

back of animal

biol204 lab final (3 decks)

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