respiratory and circulatory systems

Question 1

what are gas exchange surfaces

Answer 1

sites at which gases diffuse from the environment into the blood and from the blood into the environment

Question 2

is gas exchange done through diffusion

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

gasses diffuse down _______

Answer 3

partial pressure gradient.

Question 4

what is a partial pressure gradient

Answer 4

gases diffuse from an area of high to low partial pressure

Question 5

what are two things efficient diffusion of gases requires?

Answer 5

ventilation and perfusion

Question 6

what is ventilation

Answer 6

breathing

Question 7

what is perfusion

Answer 7

flow of blood through capillaries of an organ

Question 8

branchial circulation

Answer 8

blood flow through gills

Question 9

pulmonary circulation

Answer 9

blood flow through lungs

Question 10

systemic circulation

Answer 10

blood flow to rest of body

Question 11

what is main site of gas exchange in shark

Answer 11

gills

Question 12

how do dogfish ventilate their gills

Answer 12

dual pump

Question 13

what are the phases of dual pump

Answer 13

suction phase and pressure phase

Question 14

what happens in suction phase

Answer 14

gill slits are closed and mouth and spiracles are open

Question 15

what happens in pressure phase

Answer 15

mouth and spiracles close and buccal cavity, pharynx, and parabranchial chambers are compressed. generates high pressure that forces water out through external gills

Question 16

what are gill rakers

Answer 16

project into the pharynx forming a screen that prevents large objects from entering parabranchial chambers

Question 17

afferent branchial arteries

Answer 17

deliver blood towards the gills

Question 18

efferent branchial arteries

Answer 18

takes oxygenated blood away from the gills to the dorsal aorta for distribution to the body

Question 19

what separates the nasal and oral passageway

Answer 19

secondary palate

Question 20

what supports the trachea

Answer 20

cartiledge rings

Question 21

where is the syrinx

Answer 21

where the trachea branches into bronchi

Question 22

how do pigeons ventilate their lungs

Answer 22

aspiration pump

Question 23

tidal airflow

Answer 23

airflow through the nasal passages, trachea, syrinx, and bronchi

Question 24

unidirectional airflow

Answer 24

airflow through the parabronchi

Question 25

what does left ventricle do

Answer 25

oxygenated blood through aortic arch to rest of body (systemic circulation)

Question 26

subclavian artery

Answer 26

transports oxygenated blood to the wing

Question 27

where does deoxygenated blood flow

Answer 27

right ventricle, and pumps to pulmonary arch

Question 28

what supports and protects the larynx

Answer 28

thyroid catiledge and cricoid cartiledge