Muscles and Bones

Question 1

Name the Major Functions of the Skeletal System

Answer 1

• Provides a stable frame for body
• Protects the vital organs and soft tissue
• Assists in movement and gives attachment to muscles
• Produces red blood cells
• Stores Minerals like Calcium and Phosphorus.

Question 2

What are the different types of bones and give an example for each type?

Answer 2

• Long Bone; femur
• Short Bone; Phalanges
• Flat Bones; ribs
• Irregular Bones; vertebrae
• Sesamoid; knee cap

Question 3

What is the axial and appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

The axial skeleton is the trunk of body, e.g head, abs. Whilst the appendicular skeleton is the exterior of body, e.g arms, legs, pelvis.

Question 4

Name all the types of joints.

Answer 4

Hinge Joint, Saddle Joint, Ball in socket, Gliding Joint, Pivot joint, ovoid joint

Question 5

Describe the hinge joint and give examples

Answer 5

The bones can only move along one axis to flex or extend, e.g elbow and knee

Question 6

Describe the Saddle Joint and give examples

Answer 6

One of the joints is shaped like a saddle, e.g thumb

Question 7

Describe the Ball in Socket joint and give examples

Answer 7

Joint where the ball-shaped surface of one rounded bone fits into the cup-like depression of another bone. Where it can move in all directions. e.g hip and shoulder

Question 8

Describe the Gliding Joint and give an example

Answer 8

These joints allow a wide variety of movement, but not much distance, e.g toes

Question 9

What is a joint?

Answer 9

Joints are the place where two bones meet.

Question 10

Describe the pivot joint and give examples

Answer 10

Pivot joints consist of the rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone. This structure allows rotational movement, as the rounded bone moves around its own axis, e.g neck and forearm.

Question 11

Describe the ovoid joint and give examples

Answer 11

example is wrist

Question 12

What is extensions and flexion?

Answer 12

Extension is increase of a joint angle (releasing basketball) and flexion is the decreasing of a joint angle (cocking basketball back before shooting)

Question 13

What is Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion?

Answer 13

Dorsiflexion is when your toes are pointed downwards and plantar flexion when your toes are pointed upwards.

Question 14

What is Inferior and Superior?

Answer 14

Inferior is a body part Lower on the body and superior is a body part higher on the body.

Question 15

What is Abduction and Adduction?

Answer 15

Abduction is movement away from the midline, adduction is movement towards the midline.

Question 16

What is Pronation and ‘Soup’nation?

Answer 16

Pronation is moving hand downwards and soup nation is moving hand upwards.

Question 17

Describe the relationship between Agonist and Antagonist Movements.

Answer 17

Antagonist and agonist muscles often occur in pairs, called antagonistic pairs. As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes. An example of an antagonistic pair is the biceps and triceps; while performing bicep curls, the triceps relaxes (antagonist) while the biceps contracts to lift the arm. (agonist)

Question 18

Give 2 examples of Agonist and Antagonist movements

Answer 18

While doing shoulder adduction the Latissimus Dorsi is the agonist while the Deltoid is the Antagonist. Another example is knee flexion where the hamstrings are the agonist and the quadriceps are the antagonist.

Question 19

What are the major functions of the muscular system?

Answer 19

• Provide movement
• Maintenance of Posture
• Heat production
• Protects bones and internal organs

Question 20

What are the 3 types of muscles, briefly describe them and whether or not they are involuntary or voluntary?

Answer 20

• Smooth Muscle, Involuntary, does ‘housekeeping of the body’, move food through body.
• Cardiac Muscle, Involuntary, pumps blood, and the muscle is only found in heart
• Skeletal Muscle, voluntary, attached to bones.

Question 21

What is voluntary and involuntary movement?

Answer 21

Voluntary movement is the movement of a muscle under the control of the person and involuntary movement is when the movement of a muscle is not done by a person.