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Sports Science > Circulatory and Respiratory System > Flashcards

Circulatory and Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the functions of the Circulatory System?

A
  • To supply oxygen to the cells
  • To supply nutrients to the cells (glucose)
  • Removes waste (lactic acid)
  • To aid in regulation of temperature in the body
  • To remove Carbon Dioxide from the cells
  • To deliver hormones to tissues to alter their function
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2
Q

What are arteries and what is their function?

A

Ateries are thick and elastic fibres, arteries then carry oxygenated blood to the cells. (away from the heart)

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3
Q

Why do arteries have thick and elastic fibres?

A

To withstand the high pressure of blood flowing through them

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4
Q

What are veins and what is their function?

A

Veins have thin and elastic fibres and carry deoxygenated blood TO the heart.

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5
Q

What are capillaries and what is their function?

A

Capillaries are very small and they link arteries and veins .

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6
Q

How many litres of blood does the body contain?

A

4-5 Litres

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7
Q

What is the function of Red Blood Cells?

A

Red Blood Cells contain haemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of our body.

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of White Blood Cells and what are there functions?

A

The 2 main types of white blood cells are Macrophages and Lymphocytes. Macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-organisms. Lymphocytes fight diseases and break down poisons.

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9
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Platelets clot blood is like a net or plug and helps to prevent further bleeding.

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10
Q

What is the function of Plasma?

A

Plasma transports nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.

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11
Q

What is Diastolic Blood Pressure?

A
  • Diastole is when the heart muscle relaxes.

- When the heart relaxes, the chambers of the heart fill with blood, and a person’s blood pressure decreases.

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12
Q

What is Systolic Blood Pressure?

A
  • Systole is when the heart muscle contracts.
  • When the heart contracts, it pushes the blood out of the heart and into the large blood vessels of the circulatory system. From here, the blood goes to all of the organs and tissues of the body.
  • During systole, a person’s blood pressure increases.
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13
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

Cardiac Output refers to the amount of blood pumped through the circulatory system in a minute. Measure in Litres/Min

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14
Q

How do you calculate Cardiac Output?

A

Stroke Volume * Heart Rate and is measured in Litres/Min

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15
Q

What is Stroke Volume?

A

The amount of blood the left ventricle pumps out per beat is called Stroke Volume (SV).

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16
Q

Describe Blood Flow through the body?

A
  • Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium.
  • Blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs.
  • The blood then comes to the pulmonary vein where it empties oxygen-rich blood, from the lungs into the left atrium.
  • Blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle, Blood then leaves the heart through the the aorta and to the body. This pattern is repeated, causing blood to flow continuously to the heart, lungs and body.
17
Q

What are the major functions of the Respiratory System?

A
  • To supply the blood with oxygen to be delivered to all parts of the body.
  • To remove carbon dioxide that cells produce by transferring it from the blood into the lungs and then out to the atmosphere.
18
Q

How does the Respiratory System work?

A

Air that flows from the mouth or nasal cavity travels through the pharynx and moves down to the trachea.
Then the air moves to the bronchi tubes as they enter the lungs.
Once the air gets in the lungs, the air enters separate branches called the bronchiole.
Carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli and is then exhaled.

Once in your lungs, Oxygen travels from your lungs through the bloodstream to the cells in all parts of your body.
Cells use the oxygen as fuel and give off carbon dioxide as waste gas.
The waste gas is carried by the bloodstream back to the lungs to be exhaled.

19
Q

What is the function of the Nasal Cavity?

A

The role of the nasal cavity is to warm the incoming air close to body temperature and filter the incoming air.

20
Q

What is the function of the Pharynx?

A

The pharynx is the body cavity that connects the nasal and oral cavities with the larynx and esophagus.

21
Q

What is the function of the Larynx?

A

Generates sound, pitch and volume are manipulated. Also known as the “Voice box.”

22
Q

What is the function of the Trachea?

A

The trachea or windpipe is a tube that directs the air further down in the direction of the lungs.

23
Q

What is the function of the Bronchi?

A

The “bronchi” or the left and right “bronchus” are the 2 tubes that branch out towards the lung tissue.

24
Q

What are Cilia’s?

A

Cilia: microscopic hairs that line the walls of the trachea.

25
Q

What is the function of Bronchioles?

A

They separate and divide like branches on a tree until they arrive at the alveoli.

26
Q

Describe Gas Exchange in the alveoli

A

The gases move by diffusion from where they have a high concentration to where they have a low concentration:

oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood
carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air in the alveoli

27
Q

what is the function of the alveoli?

A

Their major purpose is to increase the total surface area available for the air to expose itself to the millions of capillaries that surround the

28
Q

What is inspiration when breathing?

A

Draws air into lungs.

Diaphragm pulls down increasing the space in the chest cavity. ——–\_____/——-

Intercostals pull together and draw rib cage up and outwards.

29
Q

What is Expiration when breathing?

A

At rest, the muscles mentioned earlier, relax and gravity and pressure forces the air out of the lungs.

Diaphragm moves down

30
Q

What is Total Lung Capacity?

A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC): the volume of air in the lungs at maximal inflation, measured in litres

Michael Phelps- 16 Olympic medals.
TLC: 14 litres, largest ever recorded!

31
Q

What is Ventilation?

A

Ventilation (V): is the amount of air we breath per minute (Litres)

32
Q

What is Tidal Volume?

A

Tidal Volume (TV) is the amount of air that is inspired and expired per breath, normally around 500ml.

33
Q

What is Respiration Rate?

A

Respiration rate (RR): breaths per minute, 12 on average

34
Q

How do you calculate Ventilation?

A

V= TV x RR

35
Q

What is Residual Volume?

A

Residual Volume (RV) : is the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation, and can never be expired.

Sports Science (2 decks)

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