Muscles and Animal Movement

Question 1

Vertebrates have 3 types of muscles, what are they?

Answer 1

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 2

What is skeletal muscle?

Answer 2

Striated and Voluntary Muscle

Question 3

What is Cardiac muscle?

Answer 3

Straited and Involuntary Muscle

Question 4

What is Smooth muscle?

Answer 4

Non-Striated and Involuntary Muscle

Question 5

Muscles are the largest tissue in the body.

True or False?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What do Skeletal muscles react to and what do they convert?

Answer 6

React to Electrical signals, and convert chemical energy into mechanical energy

Question 7

What takes place in order to prevent fatigue in a sub-maximal contraction?

Answer 7

Asynchronous Recruitment of motor fibres

Question 8

You are able to alter motor unit activity to prevent fatigue during maximal contractions.

True or Flase?

Answer 8

False

Question 9

List the two factors that can be adjusted for gradation of whole muscle tension.

Answer 9

Number of muscle fibres contracting within a muscle.
And
Tension developed by each contracting muscle.

Question 10

The skeleton has 3 functions, what are they?

HINT: Not storing Calcium

Answer 10

Structural Support
Protecting
Facilitation of movement

Question 11

The 3 structural components of the cytoskeleton in Eukaryotes are?

Answer 11

Microfilaments
Intermediate Filaments
Microtubules

Question 12

There are 3 specialised skeletal elements in multicellular organisms, what are they?

Answer 12

Fibroblasts
Chondrocytes
Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

Question 13

What cells have flagella and what is there feature?

Answer 13

Prokaryotes, there structure is of a tail.

Question 14

How do Spirochaetes move?

Answer 14

In a corkscrew motion

Question 15

There are 3 modes of transport for unicellular eukaryotes, what are they?

Answer 15

Amoeboid Movement
Swimming by cilia
Swimming by flagella

Question 16

There a 3 main skeletal system found in animals, what are they?

Answer 16

Hydrostatic
Exoskeletal
Endoskeletal

Question 17

What type of animal has a Hydrostatic skeletal system?

Answer 17

Annelids

Question 18

What type of animal has a Exoskeletal system?

Answer 18

Arthropods

Question 19

What type of animal has a Endoskeletal system?

Answer 19

Vertebrates

Question 20

Coelomates can extend and shorten different sections of their bodies. What two features control this?

Answer 20

Circular and longitudinal muscle layers
Segmental compartments

Question 21

What is the benefit to having an Exoskeleton?

Answer 21

Protective armour

Question 22

What are the disadvantages to having an Exoskeleton?

Answer 22

Limited Growth
New Machanism of gaseous exchange
New Mechanism of Locomotion

Question 23

What are the four key features of a Vertebrate?

Answer 23

Rigid internal Skeleton
Anterior skull with a large brain
Internal organs
Well developed circualtory system, driven by contractions of a ventral heart

Question 24

What is Fatigue?

Answer 24

The failure of the muscle to maintain tension due to previous contractile activity.

Question 25

What are fulcrums represented by?

Answer 25

Joints

Question 26

What kind of neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscles to contract?

Answer 26

Acetylcholine

Question 27

What is a motor unit comprised of?

Answer 27

A single motor neuron plus all muscle fibres it innervates.