Muscles- anatomy

Question 1

buccinator

Answer 1

compresses the cheek against the teeth and gums, retracts the cheek from the teeth when the mouth is closing; expel air and liquid

Question 2

obitularis oculi

Answer 2

blinking, squinting, sleep

Question 2

frontalis

Answer 2

raise eyebrows

Question 3

obitularis oris

Answer 3

closes mouth, protrudes lips, speech

Question 4

scalene (3)

Answer 4

(anterior, middle, and posterior), contracted unilaterally = cause ipsilateral flexion (tilts head toward same shoulder) contralateral rotation (rotates face away); when contracted bilaterally, they flex
the neck

Question 5

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 5

unilateral action- tilts the head upward and toward the opposite side; its bilateral action draws the head forward and down

Question 6

trapezius

Answer 6

extends and laterally flexes the neck

Question 7

lateral pterygoid

Answer 7

depresses the mandible and also causes protraction and excursion

Question 8

medial pterygoid

Answer 8

causes elevation, protraction, and excursion of the mandible

Question 9

occipitalis

Answer 9

retracts the scalp

Question 10

temporalis

Answer 10

elevates, retracts, and produces lateral and medial excursion of the mandible

Question 11

masseter

Answer 11

elevates the mandible, with smaller roles in protraction, retraction, and excursion

Question 12

occipitofrontalis

Answer 12

Question 13

levator scapulae

Answer 13

elevates the scapula if the cervical vertebrae are fixed, flexes the neck laterally if the scapula is fixed, retracts the scapula and braces
the shoulder, and rotates the scapula and depresses the apex of the shoulder

Question 14

deltoid

Answer 14

anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the arm; the lateral fibers abduct the arm; and the posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate the arm

Question 15

diaphragm

Answer 15

prime mover of inspiration, responsible for two-thirds of air intake

Question 16

rectus abdominus

Answer 16

flexes the waist, as in forward bending

Question 17

external obliques

Answer 17

supports the abdominal viscera against the pull of gravity, stabilizes the vertebral column, maintains posture, compresses abdominal organs. Unilateral contraction causes contralateral rotation of the spine

Question 18

internal obliques

Answer 18

has the same action as the external oblique except that unilateral contraction causes ipsilateral rotation of the waist

Question 19

transverse abdominus

Answer 19

compresses abdominal contents, but does not contribute to movements of the vertebral column

Question 20

erector spinae

Answer 20

Question 21

latissmus dorsi

Answer 21

adducts and medially rotates the humerus, extends the shoulder joint, produces a backward swing of the arm, pulls the body forward and upward as in climbing, deep inspiration and sudden expiration, and supports prolonged forceful expiration as in singing

Question 22

rhomboid major

Answer 22

retracts the scapula and braces the shoulder and fixes the scapula during arm movements

Question 23

rhomboid minor

Answer 23

retracts the scapula and braces the shoulder and fixes the scapula during arm movements

Question 24

pectoralis major

Answer 24

the thick, fleshy muscle of the mammary region, flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus and aids in deep inspiration

Question 25

pectoralis minor

Answer 25

draws the scapula laterally and forward around the chest wall. It also, with other muscles, rotates the scapula and depresses the apex of the shoulder

Question 26

serratus anterior

Answer 26

draws the scapula laterally and forward around the chest wall, protracts the scapula, prime mover in forward-reaching and pushing actions, aids in rotating the scapula to elevate the apex of the shoulder, fixes the scapula during abduction of the arm

Question 27

sartorius

Answer 27

aids in knee and hip flexion, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh

Question 28

internal intercostals

Answer 28

Question 29

SITS acronym

Answer 29

rotator cuff= supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 30

supraspinatus

Answer 30

aids the deltoid in abduction of the arm resists downward slippage of the humeral head when the arm is relaxed or when carrying weight

Question 31

infraspinatus

Answer 31

modulates the action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upward rotates the humerus laterally

Question 32

teres minor

Answer 32

modulates the action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upward during abduction rotates the humerus laterally

Question 33

subscapularis

Answer 33

modulates the action of the deltoid, preventing the humeral head from sliding upward during abduction rotates the humerus medially

Question 34

coracobrachialis

Answer 34

flexes and medially rotates the arm resists deviation of the arm from the frontal plane during abduction

Question 35

biceps brachii

Answer 35

rapid or forceful supination of the forearm, acts synergistically in elbow flexion, flexes the shoulder slightly, stabilizes the humeral head

Question 36

brachialis

Answer 36

prime mover of elbow flexion

Question 37

triceps brachii

Answer 37

prime mover of elbow extension adducts the humerus

Question 38

pronator quadratus

Answer 38

prime mover of forearm pronation resists separation of the radius and ulna when force is applied

Question 39

pronator teres

Answer 39

-assists pronator quadratus in pronation (only in rapid or forceful action) -weakly flexes elbow

Question 40

supinator

Answer 40

supinate forearm

Question 41

flexor carpi radialis

Answer 41

-flex wrist anteriorly -aids in radial flexion of wrist *radial artery pulse landmark

Question 42

flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 42

-flex wrist anteriorly -aids in ulnar flexion of wrist

Question 43

flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 43

-flex wrist, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal joints

Question 44

flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 44

-flex wrist, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal joints -sole flexor of distal interphalangeal joints

Question 45

palmaris longus

Answer 45

anchors the skin and fascia of the palmar region and resists shearing forces

Question 46

extensor carpi radialis longus

Answer 46

-extends the wrist -aids in radial flexion

Question 47

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Answer 47

-extend wrist -aids in radial flexion

Question 48

extensor digitorum

Answer 48

-extends the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints -spread digits apart when extending metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 49

iliacus

Answer 49

-flexes the thigh at the hip when the trunk is fixed -flexes the trunk at the hip when the thigh is fixed -balances the trunk during sitting (iliac+psoas major=iliopsoas)

Question 50

psoas major

Answer 50

(iliac+psoas major=iliopsoas) -flexes the thigh at the hip when the trunk is fixed -flexes the trunk at the hip when the thigh is fixed -balances the trunk during sitting

Question 51

tensor fasciae latae

Answer 51

fibrous sheath that encircles the thigh and binds its muscles

Question 52

gluteus maximus

Answer 52

-extends the thigh at the hip -abducts thigh -elevate trunk after stooping -holds trunk erect -stabilizes femur on tibia

Question 53

gluteus medius

Answer 53

abduct and medially rotate the thigh

Question 54

gluteus minimus

Answer 54

abduct and medially rotate the thigh

Question 55

piriformis

Answer 55

laterally rotates the extended thigh and abducts the flexed thigh

Question 56

adductor magnus

Answer 56

laterally rotates the extended thigh and abducts the flexed thigh

Question 57

sartorius

Answer 57

aids in knee and hip flexion, as in sitting or climbing. It abducts and laterally rotates the thigh

Question 58

4 quadricep heads

Answer 58

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

Question 59

rectus femoris

Answer 59

extends the knee, flexes the thigh at the hip, and flexes the trunk on the hip if the thigh is fixed

Question 60

vastus lateralis

Answer 60

extends the knee and retains the patella in the groove on the femur during knee movements

Question 61

vastus medialis

Answer 61

extends the knee and retains the patella in the groove on the femur during knee movements

Question 62

vastus intermedius

Answer 62

extend the knee

Question 63

biceps femoris

Answer 63

flexes the knee, extends the hip, elevates the trunk from a stooping posture, laterally rotates the tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed, laterally rotates the femur when the hip is extended, and counteracts forward bending at the hips

Question 64

semitendinosus

Answer 64

flexes the knee, medially rotates tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed, medially rotates the femur when the hip is extended, and counteracts forward bending at the hips

Question 65

semimembranosus

Answer 65

flexes the knee, medially rotates tibia on the femur when the knee is flexed, medially rotates the femur when the hip is extended, and counteracts forward bending at the hips

Question 66

tibialis anterior

Answer 66

dorsiflexes and inverts the foot, resists backward tipping of the body, and helps support the medial longitudinal arch of the foot.

Question 67

gastrocnemius

Answer 67

plantar flexes the foot, flexes the knee, and is active in walking, running, and jumping (gastrocnemius +soleus=triceps surae)

Question 68

soleus

Answer 68

plantar flexes the foot and steadies the leg on the ankle during standing (gastrocnemius +soleus=triceps surae)

Question 69

fibularis (peroneus) brevis

Answer 69

maintains the concavity of the sole during toe- off and tiptoeing, and may evert the foot and limit inversion and help to steady the leg on the foot

Question 70

fibularis (peroneus) longus

Answer 70

maintains concavity of the sole during toe-off and tiptoeing, and everts and plantar flexes the foot