Muscles Flashcards
what is the function of muscles
movement
static support
heat production
what are the 3 types of muscle
skeletal striated
cardiac striated
smooth muscle
describe skeletal muscle
attached to skeleton
locomotion
voluntary
multinucleated
describe cardiac muscle
involuntary
single nucleus
branched
intercalated disc
describe smooth muscle
walls of vessels and organs
move substances and restrict flow
involuntary
single nucleus
what are the layers of skeletal muscle connective tissue coverings
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
what are the layers of skeletal muscle
muscle muscle fascicle muscle fibre (structural unit) myofibrils sarcomere - actin and myosin
whats in the structural unit of skeletal muscle
myofibrils
sarcomere - actin and myosin
what is a motor unit of skeletal muscle
one motor neuron supplying varying number of muscle fibres
involves muscle contraction
what types of skeletal muscle morphology is there
unipennate
bipennate (2 way direction)
multipennate
give an example of multipennate muscle
deltoid
give an example of bipennate muscle
rectus femoris
give an example of unipennate muscle
extensor digitorum longus
what are the functional classifications of skeletal muscle
agonist
anatagonist
synergist
fixator
whats synergist
support of agonist muscle
whats fixator muscle
stabiliser of one part of the body during movement of another part
how is the shoulder joint stabilised
by rotator cuff muscles
what are tendons
connect muscle to bone
dense connective tissue
do not shorten
can alter force direction
what are aponeuroses
sheet of fibrous tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment
give an example of muscles that have more than one action
deltoid
erector spinae
what cells help heal muscle after injury
stem cells
what skeletal muscles acts involuntarily
diaphragm
what are the two muscle groups
axial and appendicular
axial - trunk and head
appendicular - limbs
what compartments are there in muscle
flexor
extensor
in the arm , what 3 muscles are flexors
biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis
what nerve innervates arm flexors
musculocutaneous nerve
what nerve innervates arm extensors
radial nerve
in the arm, what muscle is the extensor
triceps brachii
in the arm what muscle is the agonist and antagonist
agonist - biceps
antagonist - triceps
in the arm what muscle the fixator and synergist
fixator - deltoid
synergist - brachialis
how many flexor muscles are there in the forearms, what nerve innervates them
8
median and ulnar nerve
how many extensor muscles are there in the forearms, what nerve innervates them
10
radial nerve
what muscle flexes the forearm
brachioradialis
what joint do gluteal muscles act on
hip joint
what 3 gluteal muscles are there
gluteus maximus - extensor
gluteus medius - abduction
g. minimus
what nerve innervates gluteal muscles
sciatic nerve
what muscles are there in the thighss
hamstrings - flexion (posterior)
quadriceps - extension (anterior)
adductors (medial side)
what nerve innervates hamstrings
sciatic nerve
what nerve innervates quadriceps
femoral n
what nerve innervates adductors
obturator
what muscles are there in the leg
anterior - dorsiflexors
posterior - plantarflexors
lateral - evertors
what muscles are there in the leg
anterior - dorsiflexors
posterior - plantarflexors
lateral - evertors
what nerve innervates leg
sciatic n
what is the action of hand muscles
hand - precision
forearm - strength
what is the action of foot muscles
support walking and maintain arches of foot
