Back and Vertebral Column Flashcards
how many bones in vertebral column
33 individual bones plus intervertebral discs
whats the order of the vertebral segments and number of parts superior to inferior
Cervical, C7 Thoracic T12 Lumar L5 Sacral S5 Coccyx Co4
what is the unique feature of the cervical vertebrae
Foramen transversarium
what is the unique feature of the thoracic vertebrae
Costal facets
what is the unique feature of the lumbar vertebrae
Mammillary process,
Accessory process
what shape is the vertebral foramen in cervical vertebrae
Large, triangular
what shape is the vertebral foramen in thoracic vertebrae
Circular and small
what shape is the vertebral foramen in lumbar vertebrae
Triangular, smaller than cervical
what are the spinous processes like in cervical vertebrae
Short, bifid
what are the spinous processes like in thoracic vertebrae
Long, slopes
posteroinferiorly
what are the spinous processes like in lumbar vertebrae
Short, sturdy, rectangular
what shape is the body in cervical vertebrae
Small
what shape is the body in thoracic vertebrae
Heart shaped
what shape is the body in lumbar vertebrae
Large, kidney shaped
what are the functions of the vertebral column
Weight bearing - Carries & transmits weight from upper body down to the lower limbs
Protection
Movement
Site of muscle attachments
what is the purpose of curvature and intervertebral discs
provide shock absorption
what direction are the articular facets in lumbar
sagittally orientated
what is the curvature of cervical and lumbar vertebrae
secondary
fevelops during infancy
what is the curvature of Thoracic & sacral
primary, kyphoses
already present in fetus
goes outwards
what are the 2 components of intervertebral discs
nucleus pulpous annulus fibrosus (layers of fibrocartilage)
what is a herniated disc
nucleus pulpous herniates
soft/gelatinous - compress nerve root or spinal nerve
what does the vertebrae protect
Spinal cord
Spinal nerves
Arteries & veins
what is the intervertebral joint
secondary cartilaginous
what is the facet joint
Synovial plane
w articular processes
what type of joint does vertebral column have w rib
Synovial plane
what type of joint does vertebral column have w atlas and skull
Synovial ellipsoid
what joint is between atlas and axis
synovial pivot
laterally - plain
what is the anterior longitudinal ligament
covers the body
thick fibrous
whats the posterior longitudinal ligament
posterior to the body
whats the ligamentum flava
connect two laminae
whats the interspinous ligament
connects spinous processes
whats the supraspinous ligament
connect spinous processes, at the edge
what ligament is in the atlas
C1
transverse ligament of atlas
what are back muscle extrinsic groups
upper limb movement and respiration
what are the back muscle intrinsic group
superficial, intermediate (erector spinae) and deep layers
- maintain posture
- control movement of vertebral column
what muscles flex the back (bilaterally)
rectus abdominis
psaos major
what muscles are posterior to the spine and what movement do they do
- extension (bilaterally)
- lateral flexion (unilaterally)
erector spinae
what muscles in the chest have oblique fibre orientation and do rotation
external oblique
internal oblique
erector spinae
what posterior abdominal muscles are there and what movement do they do
illiacus
psoas major
quadratus lumborum
- anterior flexion (psaos)
- lateral flexion
what effect does ageing have on the intervertebral discs and bones
dehydration of intervertebral disc = reduced shock absorption
osteoarthritis, pain and stiffness of joints
osteoporosis leads to compression fractures altering the curvature of the spine
hhh
what anterior abdominal wall muscles are there
rectus abdominus
external oblique
internal oblique
