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Kinesiology > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Agonist

A

The muscle or muscle group that produces the main action.
The agonist shortens during movement.

Ex-
Upper trapezius is the agonist for elevation of the scapula. It initiates motion

Hamstrings are the agonist for flexion of the knee

Pronator teres is the agonist for pronation of the forearm

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2
Q

Synergist

A

Any muscle that assists the agonist in producing the main action.
Any group of two or more muscles producing movement, the synergist couldn’t produce the movement on its own but helps

Ex-
Levator scapula and rhomboids both help to elevate the scapula

The Gracie, stories and gastrocnemius act as synergists for flexion of the knee

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3
Q

Antagonist

A

Executes the action opposite that of the agonist when it shortens. It relaxes to allow and control the action at the joint.

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4
Q

Co-contraction

A

When both the agonist and antagonist contract at the same time. No movement occurs. Stabilization

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5
Q

Neutralizer/ Fixator Muscle

A

A fixating force to prevent an undesired action and dictate which end of the agonist’s bony attachments will move.
It is necessary because the agonist would move all over the place when it engages.

Ex-
When the hammy flex at the knee, their contractions could also extend at the hip. In response, the hip flexor will engage to neutralize the undesired action of the hammys

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6
Q

Supporter muscle

A

Doesn’t function near the main action, but supports another part of the body in position.

Ex-

Elevation of the scapula wouldn’t happen without the stabilizing support of a dozen muscles in your spine and hip.

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7
Q

What factors affect the role a muscle plays?

A

Size

Shape and design of joint

Muscle’s location in relaxationshil to the joint axis

Muscle’s line of pull

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8
Q

Psoas

A

hip flexor and lower back stabilizer. Long and slender, Located deep to the abdominal.
Stretches from the lumber vertebre, underneath the inguinal ligament, to the lesser trochanter.

Psoas is the muscle that starts the movement

Actions-
Fixed origin-
flex the hip (coaxial joint)
Laterally rotate the hip (coaxial joint)

With fixed insertion-
Tilt the pelvis anteriorly
Flex trunk toward thigh

Origin- bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebre

Insertion at the lesser trochanter

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9
Q

Iliacus

A

Stockier than the psoas. Located deep to the abdomen in the iiac fossa (wide shallow depression).

Illiacus sustains and stabilizes movement. (If you flexed your thigh at the hip to take a step forward but stopped and held leg up, thats the illiacus working to stabilize)

Action-
With fixed origin
Flex the hip
Laterally rotate the hip
With fixed insertion-
Flex the trunk toward thigh
Tilt pelvis anteriorly

Origin- illiac fossa

Insertion- lesser trochanter

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10
Q

Pectineus

A

Abductor. Flexes and addu to the thigh at the hip.

Origin- superior ramus of the pubis

Insertion- inferior and slightly posterior to the lesser trochanter of the femur

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11
Q

Frontalis

A

On the forehead, raises eyebrows

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12
Q

Temporalis

A

at the temples, closes jaw

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13
Q

Masseter

A

at the lateral jaw, closes jaw

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14
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

around the eye, closes eye

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15
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

around the mouth, closes mouth

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16
Q

Buccinator

A

pulls back the cheeks

The smile muscle

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17
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

anterior connectio. Between the sternum, the clavicle, and the skull

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18
Q

Levator scapulae

A

elevates the scapula

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19
Q

Teapezius

A

Trapezoid-shaped muscle that covers most of the upper back

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20
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Covers most of the lower back and attaches to the humerus

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21
Q

Deltoid

A

Rounded muscle over shoulder joint

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22
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Covers most of the chest and attaches to the humerus

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23
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Small and deep to pectoralis major, rounds the shoulder

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24
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Anterior arm, crosses both the shoulder and the elbow joints

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25
Q

Brachialis

A

Anterior atm, extends elbow

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26
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Lateral forearm, gets name from attachment at brachial region at radius

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27
Q

Flexors of the wrist

A

Anterior surface

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28
Q

Extensor of the wrist

A

Posterior surface

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29
Q

External obliques

A

Fibers run in the same direction as your hands in your pockets

30
Q

Intern obliques

A

Deel to extern obliques, fibers running in opposite direction

31
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

Most superficial abdominal muscle, fibers run up and down, flexes trunk

32
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Forms the bulk of the butt

33
Q

Tensor fasia latae

A

Abducts the leg and attaches to the lateral fascia of the thigh

Tenses the fascia lata. Important hip stabilizer.

Assists in flexing, abducting ad medially rotating the thigh

Origin- outer surface of anterior superior illicit spine (ASIS)

Insertions- lateral proxim tibia via iliotibial band

34
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Group of four muscles on anterior thigh

35
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Most superficial quadriceps and the only k e the flexes the hip

36
Q

Hamstrings

A

Group of three muscles on posterior thigb

37
Q

Adductors

A

Muscles on the medial surface of thigh that perform adduction

38
Q

Popliteus

A

Unlocks the knee

39
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Anterior leg

40
Q

Fibularis longus

A

Lateral leg, forms a stirrul together with tibiis anterior

41
Q

Gasttocnrmius

A

Posterior, attaches to calcaneus via the Achilles tendon together with

42
Q

Seus

A

Posterior leg, deep to gastrocnemius

43
Q

Isotonic Contraction

A

Isotonic contraction is when a muscle changes length , either shortening (concentric) or elongating (eccentric).

44
Q

Isometric Contraction

A

An isometric contraction occurs when the length or the muscle does not change. “Equal length”

45
Q

Concentric contraction

A

“Toward the middle” muscle shortening.

Isotonic contraction.

46
Q

Eccentric Contraction

A

“Away from the middle” the belly of the muscle elongated. Isotonic contraction.

47
Q

Muscle origin

A

Attachment to the more stationary bone

48
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment at the more mobile bone.

49
Q

What are the 6 hip flexors

A 
Rectus femoris 
Sartorius 
Pectineus
Tensor fascia latae 
Illiacus
Psoas Major
50
Q

Ischial tuberosity is the origin for which muscles?

A

Hamstrings

51
Q

What is the cartilaginous structure that helps hold the head of the femur to the acetabulum

A

Acetabulum labrum

52
Q

True of false?

The gluteus maximus is an antigravity muscle?

A

True

53
Q

Illiacus and psoas major join and go under which structure?

A

Inguinal ligament

54
Q

What movements does the hip flexor sartorius assist in?

A

Hip flexion

Lateral rotation of the hip

55
Q

What are the points of insertion and origin of the gluteus maximus

A 
Origin-
Posterior illium
Cocyx 
Sacrum
Proximal sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion-
Ilitibil tract (it band)
Gluten tuberosity

56
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Most powerful of the abductors.

Abducts the thigh.
Rotates the thigh laterally and medially at the hip.

Origin- superior external surface of the iium

Insertion- lateral surface of the greater trochanter.

57
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Abducts the thigh
Rotates the thighaterally and media at the hip

Origin- external surface of the illium, inferior and deep to gluteus medius

Insertion- anterior aspect of the greater trochanter.

58
Q

Gracilis

A

Most superficial and medial of the aDductor group

Adducts the thigh
Assists in flexion of the leg
Medial rotation of the leg when the knee is flexed

Origin- anterior pubis

Insertion- medial to the tibial tuberosity (per anserine)

59
Q

ADductor longus

A

Origin- anterior pubis

Insertion- posterior medial shaft of the femur

Adducts and assists in flexing and medially rotating the thigh

60
Q

ADductor magnus

A

ADducts and extends the thigh at the hip
Assists in medial rotation at the hip

Origin- ischial tuberosity and inferior rami of ischium and pubis

Insertion- posterior shaft of the femur and medial epicondyle of the femur

61
Q

Lateral hip muscles

ABductors

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimum
Tensor fascia latae
Gluteus Maximus

62
Q

Medial hip muscles

ADductors

A

Gracilis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Pectineus

63
Q

Horizontal posterior hip muscle

Lateral rotator

A

Piriformis

64
Q

Lateral rotators

A

Piriformis

Gemellus superior

Obturator internus

Gemellus inferior

Obturator externus

Quadratus femoris

65
Q

Piriformis

A

Lateral rotation of the thigh

Origin-anterior surfacr of the Sacrum

Insertion- superior surface of the greater trochanter

66
Q

Anterior hip muscles

Flexors

A

Psoas major

Illiacus

Pectineus

Tensor fascia latae

Sartorius

Rectus femoris

67
Q

Posterior hip muscles

Extensors

A

Gluteus maximus

Semi-membranosus

Semi-tendinosus

Biceps femoris

68
Q

Semi membranpsus

A

Hamstring. Extends the thigh at the hip
Flexes the leg

Origin- ischial tuberosity

Insertion- posterior aspect of the medi condyle of the tibia

69
Q

Semi-tendinosus

A

Origin- ischial tuberosity

Insertion- medial to the tibial tuberosity (pes anserine)

Extends the thigh at the hip
Flexes the leg at the knee

70
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Hamstring. Extends the thigh at the hip
Flexes the leg at the knee

Origin- long head- ischial tuberosity
Short head- from mid posterior femur

Insertion- head of fibula

Kinesiology (4 decks)

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