Joints

Question 1

What is a joint and how are they classified

Answer 1

Joint/articulation is a point of contact between two or more bone.

Joints are classified functionally (how it moves) and structurally (what it’s made of).

Question 2

3 functional characteristics of joints

Answer 2

Synarthroses- immovable

Amphiarthroses- slightly movable joints

Diarthroses- freely movable joints

Question 3

3 structural categories of joints

Answer 3

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

Synovial

Question 4

fibrous joint and 3 types

Answer 4

No joint cavity; bones are held together by a thin layer of fibrous tissue.

Suture

Syndesmosis

Gomphosis

Question 5

Suture

Answer 5

Found only between the bones of the skull; articulating bones separated by a thin layer of fibrous tissue

Synarthrotic- no movement

Question 6

Syndesmosis

Answer 6

Articulating bones United by dense fibrous tissue.
Ex- distal ends of the tibia and fibula

Amphiarthrotic- slight movement

Question 7

Gomphosis

Answer 7

A cone shaped peg that fits into a socket; articulating bones separated by periodontal ligament.
Ex- roots of teeth

Synarthrotic- no movement

Question 8

Cartilaginous joint and 2 types

Answer 8

No joint cavjty; articulating bones united by cartilage.

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

Question 9

Synchondrosis

Answer 9

Connecting material is hyaline cartilage
Ex- temporary joint between the diaphysis and epiphyses of a long bone

Synarthrotic- no movement

Question 10

Symphysis

Answer 10

Connecting material is a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage.

Amphiarthrotic- slight movement

Question 11

Synovial

Answer 11

Joint cavity, synovial fluid and articular cartilage present; articular capsule composed of an outer fibrous capsule and an inner synovial membrane.
May contain necessary ligaments, articular discs (menisci) and bursea.

Diarthrotic- freely movable

Question 12

Gliding joint

Answer 12

Articulating surfaces usually flat
Ex- intercarpal and intertarsal joints

Movement- biaxial (flexion/extension and abduction/ adduction)

Question 13

Hinge joint

Answer 13

Spool-like surface fits into a concave surface
Ex- elbow, knee, ankle and interphalangeal joints

Movement- monoaxial (flexion/ extension)

Question 14

Pivot joint

Answer 14

Rounded, pointed or conical surface e fits into a ring formed partly by bone and partly by ligament

Ex- atlantoaxial and radioulnar joints

Movement- monoaxial (rotation)

Question 15

Ellipsoidal

Answer 15

Oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity

Ex- radiocarpal joint

Movement- biaxial (flexion/extension and abduction/ adduction)

Question 16

Saddle joint

Answer 16

Articular surfaces concave in one direction. And convex in the opposite direction

Ex- carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Movement- biaxial (flexion/ extension and abduction/ adduction)

Question 17

Ball-and-socket joint

Answer 17

Ball-like surface fits into a cup-like depression

Ex- shoulder and hip

Movement-triaxial (flexion/ extension, abduction/ adduction, rotation)