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Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

The four unique characteristics of muscle tissue

A

Excitability, contractility, contractability and extensibility

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2
Q

Levels of muscle organization

A

Myofilaments, Myofibrils, Muscle fibre, fasicle

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3
Q

Endomysium

A

Innermost layer of areolar CT that surrounds and insulates each muscle fiber

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4
Q

Perimysium

A

Dense irregular CT surrounding the fasicle

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5
Q

Epimysium

A

Dense irregular CT surrounding the entire muscle

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6
Q

Fascia

A

Sheets of connective tissue surrounding muscle

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7
Q

Deep vs superficial fascia

A

Deep fascia separates muscles, superficial fascia separates muscle from skin

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8
Q

Sarcolemma

A

The membrane of muscle cells

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9
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

The cytoplasm of muscle cells

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10
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Smooth ER

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11
Q

Sarcomere

A

The functional contractive unit of muscle cells

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12
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Found almost exclusively in the heart. Autorhythmic

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13
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Muscle type found in walls of organs and blood vessels

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14
Q

Muscle tone

A

Constant tension in resting muscles

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15
Q

Agonist or prime mover

A

Produces a specific movement when it contracts

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16
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes the movement of an agonist

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17
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that aids an agonist

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18
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Circular muscle around the mouth

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19
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Circular muscles around eyes

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20
Q

Temporalis

A

Masticatory muscle over temporal bone, elevates mandible

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21
Q

Massetor

A

Masticatory muscle from zygomatic bone to mandible, elevates mandible

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22
Q

Buccinator

A

Muscle in cheeks , push food into teeth

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23
Q

Medial and lateral pterygoid

A

Muscles behind zygomatic bone that move the mandible side to side

24
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Long muscles in the sides of the neck that allow for head rotation and flexion

25
Erector Spinae
Set of three muscles on each side of the vertebral column that work to maintain posture
26
Iliocostalis
Lateral most of the Erector Spinae, runs from sacrum to ribs up to the scapula
27
Longissimus
Longest and middle of the Erector Spinae, runs entire length of the vertebral column
28
Spinalis
Innermost erector spinae, inserts into spinous process of vertebrae
29
External intercostals
Elevates ribs during inhalation. Between ribs, lateral to internal intercostals
30
Internal intercostals
Depress ribs during forced exhalation, between ribs, medial to the external intercostals
31
Diaphragm
Major muscle of respiration, a dome shaped muscle seperating the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities, posses a central tendon
32
External oblique
Most superficial lateral muscles of the abdominal wall, directed to inferior medial
33
Imternal Oblique
Middle of the lateral layers of the abdominal wall, directed to the superior medial
34
Transverse abdominus
Deepest of the three lateral layers of the abdominal wall, directed horizontally
35
Rectus abdominus
Medial section of the abdominal wall, connects sternum to pubic bone
36
Trapezius
Triangular muscle over shoulder and up the neck, elevates, retracts and depresses scapula
37
Extrinsic muscles
Muscles that have their orign away from the structure they move
38
Latissimus Dorsi
Muscle originating on the spine and inserting on the humerus to extend, adduct and rotate the shoulder
39
Pectoralis major
Runs from sternum to humerus, flexs, adducts and rotates the shoulder
40
Deltoid
Sits over shoulder, triangular, flexion abduction and extension
41
Teres Major
Sits under arm, extension, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder
42
Triceps Brachii
Runs along posterior of the humerus, extension of shoulder and elbow joints
43
Biceps Brachii
Runs along the anterior of the upper arm, flexion of shoulder and elbow joints
44
Rotator cuff muscles
Four muscles on the surface of the scapula, subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor. Stabilize the shoulder
45
What other muscles exist in the anterior compartment of the arm
Brachialis and Brachioradialis
46
Flexor carpiulnaris and flexor carpiradialis
Muscles running parallel to forearm bones to flex the wrist
47
Extensor digitorum
Runs through forearm to extend fingers
48
Sartorius
Long thin muscles running down the anterior of the thigh from pelvis to tibia. Hip flexor and lateral rotation
49
Quadriceps femoris
A group of muscles in the legs anterior compartment that allow for knee extension
50
Muscles of the quadriceps femoris
Vastus lateralis on the lateral side, vastus medials on the medial side, vastus intermedius in between and rectus femoris in front
51
Gluteal group
Muscles in the gluteal region that extend, abduct and rotate the hip joint
52
Muscles of the gluteal group
Starting deep and small and working out; gluteus minimus, gluteal medius and gluteal maximus
53
Hamstrings
Muscles of the posterior thigh compartment that extend the hip and flex the knee.
54
Muscles of the hamstrings
Biceps femoris on the lateral aspect, semitendinosus and semimembranosus on the medial size
55
Triceps Surae
Muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg, plantar flex the foot. Comprised of Gastrocnemius and Soleus
56
Tibialis Anterior
A muscle on the anterior of the leg, dorsiflexion of the foot

BMS101 (13 decks)

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