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BMS101 > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system

A

Organ system responsible for food ingestion, transport, digestion, absorption and excretion

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2
Q

Organs of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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3
Q

Gingirae

A

Gums

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4
Q

Labial frenulum

A

Thin mucosa fold attaching the internal surface of the lips to the gingirae

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5
Q

Uvula

A

Structure extending posteriorly from the soft palate which extends during swallowing to close off the nasopharynx

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6
Q

Fauces

A

The throat, the opening between the oral cavity and oropharynx

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7
Q

Structures laterally binding the fauces

A

Palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch between which the palatine tonsils are housed

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8
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

Mucous membrane conecting the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

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9
Q

Bolus

A

An easy to digest globular mass of ingested food

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10
Q

Gustation

A

The sense of taste, the responsibility of gustatory cell located in taste buds

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11
Q

Papillae

A

Small rounded projections on the surface of organs, such as taste buds

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12
Q

Parotid salivary glands

A

Largest salivary glands located anterior and inferior to the ears. A duct runs parallel to the zygomatic arch, piercing the buccinator muscle. It secrets 25-30% of saliva and amylase

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13
Q

Submandibular salivary glands

A

Reside inferior to the mandible, produce 60-70% of saliva. A submandibular duct transports saliva to each side of the lingual frenulum

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14
Q

Sublingual salivary glands

A

Inferior to the tongue, produce 3-5% of saliva. Extends multiple tiny ducts to the inferior surface of the oral cavity

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15
Q

Dentition

A

The teeth collectively, made up of an exposed crown, a constricted neck and one or more roots. Comprised primarily of dentin, covered externally in enamel. Covered in the roots by cementum. The center of the teeth is pulp.

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16
Q

Apical foramen

A

Opening in the root canal to the pulp through which blood vessels and nerves run

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17
Q

Mesial surface

A

Towards the midline

18
Q

Distal surface

A

Towards the back of the mouth

19
Q

Buccal surface

A

Towards the cheek

20
Q

Labial surface

A

Towards the lips

21
Q

Lingual surface

A

Towards the tongue

22
Q

Occlusal surface

A

Where upper and lower teeth meet

23
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

20 teeth that erupt between 6 and 30 months and later fall out

24
Q

Permanent teeth

A

32 teeth that replace the deciduous teeth

25
Q

Incisors

A

Anterior, chisel shaped, single rooted teeth

26
Q

Canines

A

Lateral to incisors with pointed tips

27
Q

Premolars

A

Posterior to canines, flat crowns with ridges called cusps

28
Q

Molars

A

Thickest and most posterior teeth

29
Q

Pharynx

A

Shared by digestive and respiratory systems, has three pairs of constrictors, blood supply through carotid artery amd jugular vein

30
Q

Oesophagus

A

Tubular passageway 25 cm long between trachea and vertebral column

31
Q

Oesophageal hiatus

A

Opening in the diaphragm the oesophagus passes through

32
Q

Superior and inferior oesophageal sphincter

A

Sphincters that close off each end of the oesophagus

33
Q

Chyme

A

Paste like soup that develops in the stomach from the bolus

34
Q

Stomach

A

Located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity, serves to continue chemical and physical digestion

35
Q

Layers of muscle in the stomach starting externally

A

Longitudinal, circular and oblique

36
Q

Four regions of the stomach

A

Cardia, nesr the oesophagus, fundus, at the stomach’s superior pole, pylorus, near the intestines and the body

37
Q

Lesser curvature

A

Superior edge of the stomach

38
Q

Greater curvature

A

The inferior edge of the stomach

39
Q

Gastric rugae

A

Folds lining the inner surface of the stomach

40
Q

The stomach is lined with

A

Simple columnar epithelium with gastric secretary cells: surface mucous cells in the surface and mucous neck cells, parietal cells, chief cells, and enteroendocrine cells in gastric pits

BMS101 (13 decks)

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